Статья

Антон Павлович Кораблев, к.б.н., с.н.с. Ботанического института имени В.Л. Комарова РАН (197022, Россия, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, д. 2В); iD ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1235-6402; e-mail: akorablev@binran.ru
Елизавета Владимировна Сандалова, м.н.с. Ботанического института имени В.Л. Комарова РАН (197022, Россия, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, д. 2В); аспирант в Московском государственном университете имени М.В. Ломоносова (119991, Россия, Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1); iD ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0509-7035; e-mail: cataphyll@list.ru
Кирилл Алексеевич Арапов, лаборант-исследователь Ботанического института имени В.Л. Комарова РАН (197022, Россия, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, д. 2В); iD ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3620-0487; e-mail: voldemarmochalkin@yandex.ru
Ксения Маратовна Зарипова, м.н.с. Ботанического института имени В.Л. Комарова РАН (197022, Россия, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, д. 2В); м.н.с. Института озероведения РАН - Обособленного структурного подразделения федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения науки СПБ ФИЦ РАН (196105, Россия, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Севастьянова, д. 9); iD ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1160-4139; e-mail: fikuspavel@mail.ru

Korablev A.P., Sandalova E.V., Arapov K.A., Zaripova K.M. 2024. Biomorphological traits and leaf dry matter content are important to plant persistence in a highly unstable volcanic ground // Nature Conservation Research. Vol. 9(2). P. 73–89. https://dx.doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2024.015

Electronic Supplement 1. Traits of vascular plants noted in sample plots on the Tolbachinsky Dol volcanic plateau (Kamchatka, Russia) (Ссылка).
Electronic Supplement 2. Correlations of community weighted means of plant traits and proportions of species of various functional types whit PCA axes in sample plots on the Tolbachinsky Dol volcanic plateau (Kamchatka, Russia) (Ссылка).

Колонизация растениями вновь образованных территорий (первичная сукцессия) – важнейший этап формирования экосистем. Именно адаптации видов к существованию в неблагоприятных условиях среды позволяют им выживать и формировать пионерные сообщества в первичных экотопах. Нами были рассмотрены 10 качественных и количественных признаков растений в контексте их адаптации к подвижности субстрата в условиях первичных вулканических местообитаний. Поставленные в исследовании вопросы: 1) Какие признаки растений позволяют им существовать в условиях наиболее подвижного грунта? 2) Какими экологическими стратегиями обладают виды, существующие одновременно в условиях стресса (низкого минерального питания) и интенсивных нарушений (подвижного грунта)? Исследования выполнены на плато Толбачинский дол (Камчатка, Россия) на рыхлых отложениях извержения 1975 г. На высотах 700–1000 м н.у.м. по градиентам высоты и степени подвижности грунта был заложен ряд пробных площадей. Оценены видовой состав сосудистых растений и проективное покрытие видов, а также другие характеристики местообитания. Связь признаков с подвижностью грунта исследована с помощью линейных моделей; группы характерных признаков выделены на основе метода главных компонент. В числе наиболее важных признаков выделяется содержание сухого вещества в листе (LDMC), средневзвешенные значения которого снижаются при увеличении степени нарушения (подвижности грунта). Помимо LDMC целый набор качественных признаков видов характеризует приспособленность растений к подвижному грунту: жизненная форма (по И.Г. Серебрякову), плотность расположения побегов и морфология системы подземных органов, а также в меньшей степени способ распространения плодов. Из 45 видов, проанализированных в исследовании, лишь 4 приспособлены к существованию в условиях высокой подвижности субстрата. Исследование показало, что сочетание ряда биоморфологических характеристик и процент содержания сухого вещества в листе формируют синдром пионерных видов, адаптированных к подвижному грунту. Экологические стратегии большинства видов в исследованных сообществах характеризуются преобладанием стресс-толерантной стратегии, что объясняется крайне бедными условиями минерального питания в первичных местообитаниях. В условиях одновременно низкой обеспеченности питательными веществами и высокой интенсивности нарушений преимущество получают виды смешанной стресс-толерант-рудеральной стратегии. В градиенте усиления нарушения возрастает участие видов с большей долей рудеральной стратегией при одновременном уменьшении стресс-толерантности. Однако роль экологической стратегии может ослабляться наличием других важных адаптационных признаков.

адаптация, вулканическое местообитание, экологическая стратегия, жизненная форма, Камчатка, площадь листа, функциональный признак, экстремальное местообитание, удельная листовая поверхность

Поступила: 09.12.2023. Исправлена: 18.02.2024. Принята к опубликованию: 12.03.2024.

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