Статья

Название статьи ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ ВОЛКА И КОПЫТНЫХ В УСЛОВИЯХ СНИЖЕНИЯ ЧИСЛЕННОСТИ ОСНОВНОГО ВИДА ДОБЫЧИ НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ СРЕДНЕРУССКОЙ ВОЗВЫШЕННОСТИ
Авторы

Анастасия Олеговна Виричева, м.н.с. Института проблем экологии и эволюции имени А.Н. Северцова РАН (119071, Россия, г. Москва, Ленинский проспект, д. 33); iD ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4449-9647; e-mail: givishka@yandex.ru
Елена Михайловна Литвинова, к.б.н., доцент кафедры зоологии позвоночных (Биологический факультет) Московского государственного университета имени М.В. Ломоносова (119234, Россия, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 12); с.н.с. государственного природного заповедника «Калужские засеки» (249750, Калужская область, Ульяновский район, с. Ульяново, ул. Большая Советская, д.75); iD ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8373-1604; e-mail: canis_litvinova@mail.ru
Мария Дмитриевна Чистополова, м.н.с. Института проблем экологии и эволюции имени А.Н. Северцова РАН (119071, Россия, г. Москва, Ленинский проспект, д. 33); iD ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1605-6247; e-mail: chistopolova_m@mail.ru
Андрей Дмитриевич Поярков, к.б.н., с.н.с. Института проблем экологии и эволюции имени А.Н. Северцова РАН (119071, Россия, г. Москва, Ленинский проспект, д. 33); iD ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4895-9662; e-mail: and-poyarkov@yandex.ru
Хосе Антонио Эрнандес-Бланко, к.б.н., с.н.с. Института проблем экологии и эволюции имени А.Н. Северцова РАН (119071, Россия, г. Москва, Ленинский проспект, д. 33); iD ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1072-2483; e-mail: j.a.hernandez.blanco@gmail.com

Библиографическое описание статьи

Viricheva A.O., Litvinova E.M., Chistopolova M.D., Poyarkov A.D., Hernandez-Blanco J.A. 2024. Wolf-ungulate interactions within the context of wolf's main prey population decline in Central Russian Upland // Nature Conservation Research. Vol. 9(4). P. 32–46. https://dx.doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2024.029

Рубрика Оригинальные статьи
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2024.029
Аннотация

Canis lupus (далее – волк) – хищник, специализирующийся на крупных копытных. В сообществе с несколькими видами копытных хищники могут отдавать предпочтение одному из них. Снижение численности предпочитаемого вида добычи может изменить взаимоотношения волка с другими видами копытных. Данное исследование проведено в государственном природном заповеднике «Калужские засеки» в период с 2014 по 2019 гг., в который произошло резкое сокращение численности Sus scrofa – основного вида добычи волка. Мы определили спектр питания этого хищника по анализу экскрементов и выявили предпочтения с помощью индекса Якобса. После снижения численности Sus scrofa возросла доля Capreolus capreolus и Alces alces в питании волка, но основным видом добычи стал Castor fiber. Волки не охотились на Bison bonasus как до, так и после падения численности Sus scrofa. Присутствие этого вида в питании волка незначительно и связано с поеданием падали. Индекс Якобса показал, что волки предпочитают Sus scrofa другим видам после снижения его численности. Динамические взаимодействия, анализированные с помощью коэффициента социальности по данным фотоловушек, частично согласуются с выявленными предпочтениями, но также зависят и от других факторов. Коэффициент социальности показал привлечение для видов, занимающих малую часть спектра питания на периферической части участка, где копытные чаще сталкиваются с волками-переярками. Снижение численности основного вида добычи волка повлияло на отношения с другими видами копытных, так как волки стали активнее включать их в рацион. При этом волки предпочитают в качестве замещающего корма некрупные виды добычи.

Ключевые слова

Canis lupus, дикие виды добычи, динамические взаимодействия, крупные хищные млекопитающие, межвидовые взаимоотношения, пищевые предпочтения, спектр питания, хищничество

Информация о статье

Поступила: 01.04.2024. Исправлена: 11.07.2024. Принята к опубликованию: 12.09.2024.

Полный текст статьи
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