| Authors |
Valentina V. Fateryga, PhD, Senior Researcher of the T.I. Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station – Nature Reserve of RAS – Branch of A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS (298188, Russia, Feodosiya, Kurortnoye, Nauki Street, 24); iD ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0031-1955; e-mail: valentina_vt@mail.ru
Sergey A. Svirin, Junior Researcher of the Urban Development Institute of the Sevastopol State University (299011, Russia, Sevastopol, Kornilova Embankment, 1); Research Engineer of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden – National Scientific Center of RAS (298648, Russia, Yalta, Nikita); iD ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1709-080X; e-mail: sapsan7@mail.ru
Alexander V. Fateryga, PhD, Senior Researcher of the T.I. Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station – Nature Reserve of RAS – Branch of A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS (298188, Russia, Feodosiya, Kurortnoye, Nauki Street, 24); iD ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5346-3477; e-mail: fater_84@list.ru |
| Abstract |
Cephalanthera caucasica had been reported previously from the Samur Forest in Dagestan (Russia), but that report was considered doubtful: a possible misidentification of supposed hybrids between C. damasonium and C. longifolia as C. caucasica was speculated. Moreover, this species was recently reduced to a synonym of C. kotschyana in the «Plants of the World Online» database. In the present study, we did not confirm the presence of C. caucasica in the Samur Forest, but it was revealed in a few localities in remnants of beech (Fagus orientalis) forests in Kaytagskiy district and Tabasaranskiy district in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. Living plants were studied in the vicinity of the village Tatil where 40 flowering individuals were counted. A morphological study suggested that these plants belonged to typical C. caucasica, not to any hybrid. The synonymy of this species with C. kotschyana has also been rejected, because it contradicted to the «International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants» and, besides, was not properly reasoned. The lectotype of C. caucasica is designated in the present paper. The description of the species is provided with measurements of the main morphological parameters. Differences of C. caucasica and the related taxa are discussed. A key to the species of the genus Cephalanthera from the North Caucasus is provided. Cephalanthera caucasica is highly threatened in Russia, being estimated as Endangered taxon (EN B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)), according to the IUCN categories and criteria. It should be included to the next editions of both national and regional Red Data Books. |
| References |
Akhalkatsi M., Kimeridze M., Künkele S., Lorenz R., Mosulishvili M. 2003. Diversity and conservation of Georgian orchids. Tbilisi: CGS Ltd. 40 p.
Averyanov L.V. 1994. Review of the species of the family Orchidaceae in the Caucasus flora. Botanicheskii Zhurnal 79(10): 108–127. [In Russian]
Averyanov L.V. 2006. Orchidaceae Juss. In: A.L. Takhtadjan (Ed.): Caucasian Flora Conspectus. Vol. 2. Saint Petersburg: Saint Petersburg University Press. P. 84–101. [In Russian]
Bachman S., Moat J., Hill A.W., de la Torre J., Scott B. 2011. Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool. ZooKeys 150: 117–126. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.150.2109
Christenhusz M.J.M., Byng J.W. 2016. The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase. Phytotaxa 261(3): 201–217. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1
Claessens J., Kleynen J. 2011. The flower of the European orchid. Form and function. Voerendaal: Claessens & Kleynen. 440 p.
Dafni A., Ivri Y. 1981. The flower biology of Cephalanthera longifolia (Orchidaceae) – pollen imitation and facultative floral mimicry. Plant Systematics and Evolution 137(4): 229–240. DOI: 10.1007/BF00982788
Delforge P. 2016. Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient. 4e éd. Paris: Delachaux et Nistlé. 544 p.
Efimov P.G. 2020. Orchids of Russia: annotated checklist and geographic distribution. Nature Conservation Research 5(Suppl.1): 1–18. DOI: 10.24189/ncr.2020.018
Fateryga A.V., Popovich A.V., Fateryga V.V., Kreutz C.A.J. 2020. Cephalanthera epipactoides (Orchidaceae) in Russia. Nature Conservation Research 5(Suppl.1): 69–76. DOI: 10.24189/ncr.2020.014
Fay M.F. 2018. Orchid conservation: how can we meet the challenges in the twenty-first century?. Botanical Studies 59: 16. DOI: 10.1186/s40529-018-0232-z
Grossheim A.A. 1940. Flora of the Caucasus. 2nd ed. Vol. 2. Baku: Azerbaijanian Branch of the Academy of Sciences Press. 284 p. [In Russian]
IUCN. 2012a. IUCN Red List categories and criteria. Version 3.1. 2nd ed. Gland; Cambridge: IUCN. 32 p.
IUCN. 2012b. Guidelines for application of IUCN Red List criteria at regional and national levels. Version 4.0. Gland; Cambridge: IUCN. 41 p.
IUCN. 2022. Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria. Version 15.1. IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee. 114 p.
Ivanov A.L. 2019. Conspectus florae Caucasi Rossicae (plantae vasculares). Stavropol: North-Caucasus Federal University Press. 306 p. [In Russian]
Jakubska-Busse A., Tsiftsis S., Śliwiński M., Křenová Z., Djordjević V., Steiu C., Kolanowska M., Efimov P., Hennigs S., Lustyk P., Kreutz K. 2021. How to protect natural habitats of rare terrestrial orchids effectively: a comparative case study of Cypripedium calceolus in different geographical regions of Europe. Plants 10(2): 404. DOI: 10.3390/plants10020404
Khapugin A.A. 2020. A global systematic review on orchid data in Protected Areas. Nature Conservation Research 5(Suppl.1): 19–33. DOI: 10.24189/ncr.2020.019
Kränzlin F. 1931. Orchidacearum Sibiriae enumeratio. Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis, Beihefte 65: 1–103.
Kühn R., Pedersen H.Æ., Cribb V. 2019. Field guide to the orchids of Europe and the Mediterranean. Kew: Kew Publishing. 430 p.
Lakin G.F. 1990. Biometry. Moscow: Vysshaya Shkola. 352 p. [In Russian]
Murtazaliev R.A. 2009. Conspectus of the flora of Dagestan. Vol. 4 (Melanthiaceae – Acoraceae). Makhachkala: Epokha. 232 p. [In Russian]
Plantarium. 2022. Plants and lichens of Russia and neighbouring countries: open online galleries and plant identification guide. Available from http://www.plantarium.ru/
POWO. 2022. Plants of the World Online. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens. Available from http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/
Red Data Book of the Republic of Dagestan. Makhachkala: Dzhamaludinov M.A., 2020. 800 p. [In Russian]
Red Data Book of the Russian Federation (plants and fungi). Moscow: KMK Scientific Press Ltd., 2008. 855 p. [In Russian]
Renz J. 1978. Orchidaceae. In: K.H. Rechinger (Ed.): Flora Iranica. No. 126. Graz: Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt. 148 p.
Renz J., Taubenheim G. 1980. Cephalanthera kotschyana: a new orchid from Turkey. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburg 38(1): 97–101.
Shorthouse D.P. 2010. SimpleMappr, an online tool to produce publication-quality point maps. Available from https://www.simplemappr.net/
Teymurov A.A. 2020. iNaturalist observation of Cephalanthera caucasica. Available from https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/62120880
Turland N.J., Wiersema J.H., Barrie F.R., Greuter W., Hawksworth D.L., Herendeen P.S., Knapp S., Kusber W.-H., Li D.-Z., Marhold K., May T.W., McNeill J., Monro A.M., Prado J., Price M.J., Smith G.F. (Eds.). 2018. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Glashütten: Koeltz Botanical Books. 254 p. DOI: 10.12705/Code.2018
Vakhrameeva M.G., Tatarenko I.V., Varlygina T.I., Torosyan G.K., Zagulskii M.N. 2008. Orchids of Russia and adjacent countries (within the borders of the former USSR). Ruggell: A.R.G. Gantner Verlag. 690 p.
Wraith J., Norman P., Pickering C. 2020. Orchid conservation and research: an analysis of gaps and priorities for globally Red Listed species. Ambio 49(10): 1601–1611. DOI: 10.1007/s13280-019-01306-7
Zhou Z., Shi R., Zhang Y., Xing X., Jin X. 2021. Orchid conservation in China from 2000 to 2020: achievements and perspectives. Plant Diversity 43(5): 343–349. DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2021.06.003 |
