Статья

Дмитрий Геннадьевич Иванов, м.н.с. Института проблем экологии и эволюции им. А.Н. Северцова РАН (119071, Россия, Москва, Ленинский пр-т., д. 33); iD ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5662-3544; e-mail: ivanovdg19@gmail.com
Юлия Александровна Курбатова, к.б.н., зав. лаб. биогеоценологии им. В.Н. Сукачева, ФГБУН Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А.Н. Северцова РАН (119071, Россия, Москва, Ленинский пр-т., д. 33); iD ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4452-7376; e-mail: kurbatova.j@gmail.com

Ivanov D.G., Kurbatova J.A. 2023. Dynamics of Picea abies mortality and CO₂ and CH₄ fluxes from spruce trees decomposition in the southwest of the Valdai Upland, Russia // Nature Conservation Research. Vol. 8(2). P. 33–43. https://dx.doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2023.013

Массовое усыхание Picea abies (далее – ель), часто связанное со вспышками численности Ips typographus, является одной из основных причин сокращения площадей еловых лесов. Сухие и выпавшие деревья в свою очередь могут быть как стоком, так и источником парниковых газов на разных стадиях разложения. В данной работе с использованием беспилотного летательного аппарата были проведены оценки динамики усыхания ели в двух типах леса на юго-западе Валдайской возвышенности (Центрально-Лесной заповедник, Россия) – сфагново-черничном и неморальном ельниках. Было установлено, что скорость усыхания в сфагново-черничном ельнике была гораздо выше, чем в неморальном. К четвертому году после ветровала на 0.13 км² в сфагново-черничном усохло 913 елей, в неморальном – 66. На основе прямых измерений потоков парниковых газов камерным методом на сухих стволах и валеже ели было выяснено, что в относительных значениях наибольшее количество диоксида углерода выделяется валежом 3–4-го классов разложения (800–1800 мг CO₂ × м^-2 × ч^-1). Сухостой и валеж первых классов разложения предположительно является источником метана (0.0008–0.0070 мг × CO₂ м^-2 × ч^-1), а начиная с 3–5 класса – стоком (от -0.0070 мг × CO₂ м^-2 × ч^-1 до -0.0009 мг × CO₂ м^-2 × ч^-1). При пересчете на суммарные площади поверхности сухостоя и валежа исследуемых участков, было установлено, что в интегральной эмиссии диоксида углерода наибольший вклад оказывает валеж 3–5 классов разложения (2.3–13.6 кг CO₂ × ч^-1), а в эмиссии метана – сухостой (67 мг CH₄ × ч^-1). Были найдены достоверные различия в потоках парниковых газов как между сухостоем и классами разложения валежа, так и между потоками из сухостоя и валежа отдельных классов разложения в разных типах леса. Полученные результаты показали важность учета сухостоя и всех доступных классов разложения валежа при оценке потоков парниковых газов из мертвой древесины и вклада дебриса в углеродный цикл лесных экосистем.

беспилотный летательный аппарат, диоксид углерода, еловый лес, крупные древесные остатки, метан, метод камер

Поступила: 23.09.2022. Исправлена: 22.12.2022. Принята к опубликованию: 09.02.2023.

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