Статья

Жанна Владимировна Атутова, к.г.н., с.н.с. лаборатории геоморфологии Института географии им. В.Б. Сочавы СО РАН (664033, Россия, г. Иркутск, ул. Улан-Баторская, д.1); iD ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4609-1123; e-mail: atutova@mail.ru

Atutova Zh.V. 2023. Post-fire restoration of pine forests in the Badary area, Tunkinskiy National Park, Russia // Nature Conservation Research. Vol. 8(2). P. 22–32. https://dx.doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2023.010

Гари урочища Бадары Тункинского национального парка (Россия) характеризуются морфологическим многообразием пирогенных трансформаций – от пожарищ с частично сохранившимся на корню древостоем до безлесных пространств в десятки гектаров. Это позволило нам изучить особенности динамики послепожарного восстановления сосновых боров на участках с различными экологическими условиями. Основная цель нашего исследования заключалась в определении характера пирогенной трансформации биогеоценозов и в установлении степени успешности лесовосстановления урочища Бадары Тункинского национального парка. Исследования опирались на мониторинговые данные геоботанических наблюдений на двух участках гарей, отличающихся степенью и площадью огневого поражения в результате низового пожара 2010 г. За период 2014–2020 гг. рассмотрена разновременная специфика породного состава древостоя, кустарникового яруса и живого напочвенного покрова. Отмечен период появления первых всходов подроста и подлеска. Установлены величина проективного покрытия и динамика обилия видов всех лесорастительных ярусов. В ходе анализа динамики естественного лесовосстановления выявлена схожесть основных геоботанических показателей. В подросте рассматриваемых площадок доминировали всходы Pinus sylvestris, лишь небольшой процент приходился на долю Betula pendula. Кустарниковый ярус состоял из Rosa acicularis, среди которого на поздних этапах наблюдения был отмечен Rhododendron dauricum. В травяном ярусе наибольшую долю составляли луговые виды с небольшим участием лесных. Различия выявлены во времени появления первых всходов подроста и подлеска, а также в величине проективного покрытия видов во всех лесорастительных ярусах. Первые всходы Pinus sylvestris на сильно выгоревшем ключевом участке зафиксированы годом ранее, чем на менее трансформированной территории. Тем не менее, прирост по высоте и проективное покрытие подроста было значительно больше в пределах гари средней степени поражения. На сильно пострадавшей от пожара территории проведено наблюдение за искусственно посаженными сеянцами Pinus sylvestris. Отмечена удовлетворительная приживаемость сеянцев на начальном этапе и дальнейшее замедление параметров роста. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют об успешности лесовосстановления и, как следствие, о благоприятном прогнозе послепожарного восстановления светлохвойных лесов урочища Бадары Тункинского национального парка.

гарь, геоботаническое наблюдение, естественное восстановление, искусственная лесопосадка, лесной пожар, мониторинг, сукцессия

Поступила: 15.03.2022. Исправлена: 27.11.2022. Принята к опубликованию: 03.12.2022.

Akharzhanova T.V. 2004. Pine forest of Badary – especially valuable landscape in the Tunkinsky National Park. Bulletin of the Buryat State University. Geography, Geology 3: 207–212. [In Russian]
Alfaro-Sánchez R., Sánchez-Salguero R., De las Heras J., Hernández-Tecles E., Moya D., López-Serrano F.R. 2015. Vegetation dynamics of managed Mediterranean forests 16 yr after large fires in southeastern Spain. Applied Vegetation Science 18(2): 272–282. DOI: 10.1111/avsc.12137
Atutova Zh.V. 2018. Modern landscapes of the Tunkinskaya depression. Geography and Natural Resources 1: 103–114. [In Russian]
Babintseva R.M., Gorbachev V.N., Titova E.V., Turov A.V. 2010. Artificial restoration of Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris) under conditions of dry forests in the Ulyanovsk Region. Proceedings of the Orenburg State Agrarian University 1 (25): 26–29. [In Russian]
Belov S.V. 1973. The managed fire in the forest – a measure of restoring pine and larch forests of the taiga zone. In: Combustion and wildfires in the forest. Krasnoyarsk: Institute of Forestry and Wood, Siberian Branch of AS USSR. P. 213–232. [In Russian]
Chernykh D.V., Zolotov D.V. 2006. Pyrogenic transformation of landscapes and nature conservation organization. Polzunovskiy Vestnik 4: 145–150. [In Russian]
Dancheva A.V., Zalesov S.V. 2017. Natural reafforestation at the burnt area in belt pine forests of the Priirtyshye (for example, SFNFR «Semey Ormany»). Advances in Current Natural Sciences 7: 24–29. [In Russian]
Dancheva A.V., Zalesov S.V. 2018. Features of reforestation of burned areas in dry pine forests of the Kazakh Upland in example State National Nature Park «Bayanaul». Izvestia Sankt-Peterburgskoj Lesotehniceskoj Akademii 224: 150–160. [In Russian]
Dorzhiev Ts.Z., Bao Y., Badmaeva E.N., Vanchindorzh B., Urbazaev Ch.B., Yushan Yu. 2017. Forest fires in Republic of Buryatia for 2002–2016. Nature of Inner Asia 3(4): 22–37. [In Russian]
Drude O. 1890. Handbuch der Pflanzengeographie. Stuttgart: J. Engelhorn. 582 p.
Elaev E.N., Elaeva N.G., Rudykh S.G., Turunkhaev A.V. 2013. Tunkinsky Natural National Park: main natural complexes and prospects for their conservation. In: Environment and sustainable development of the Mongolian plateau and adjacent territories. Vol. 1. Ulan-Ude: Buryat State University. P. 174–178. [In Russian]
Eugenio M., Verkaik I., Lloret F., Espelta J.M. 2006. Recruitment and growth decline in Pinus halepensis populations after recurrent wildfires in Catalonia (NE Iberian Peninsula). Forest Ecology and Management 231(1–3): 47–54. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.05.007
Evdokimenko M.D., Krasnoshchekov Yu.N. 2017. Forest environmental consequences of pyrogenous anomalies in the basin of Baikal lake. Siberian Journal of Forest Science 4: 66–77. DOI: 10.15372/SJFS20170406 [In Russian]
Gongalsky K.B. 2015. Regularities of restoration of communities of soil animals after forest fires. Dr.Sc. Extended Abstract. Moscow: A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the RAS. 44 p. [In Russian]
Granados M.E., Vilagrosa A., Chirino E., Vallejo V.R. 2016. Reforestation with resprouter species to increase diversity and resilience in Mediterranean pine forests. Forest Ecology and Management 362: 231–240. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2015.12.020
Groot W.J., Bothwell P.M., Taylor S.W., Wotton B.M., Stocks B.J., Alexander M.E. 2004. Jack pine regeneration and crown fires. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34(8): 1634–1641. DOI: 10.1139/x04-073
Gulgonov V.E. 2017. Scotch pine plantations. In: Web-site of the Tunkinskiy National Park. Available from http://www.tunkapark.ru/about/92-novosti/147-lesnye-kultury-sosny-obyknovennoy.html [In Russian]
Heras J., Moya D., Vega J.A., Daskalakou E., Vallejo R., Grigoriadis N., Tsitsoni T., Baeza J., Valdecantos A., Fernandez C., Espelta J., Fernandes P. 2012. Post-fire management of serotinous pine forests. In: Post-Fire Management and Restoration of Southern European Forests. Vol. 24. Dordrecht: Springer. P. 121–150. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2208-8_6
Ivanyo Ya.M., Lazareva A.A., Stolpova Yu.V. 2017. The modelling of variability of characteristics of the fires on the territory of National Park «Tunkinsky». Bulletin KrasGAU 7: 44–50. [In Russian]
Kadetov N.G., Gnedenko A.E. 2021. Sites with increased phytodiversity in the fire-burned part of the Kerzhensky Nature Reserve: significance, origin, mapping. Geographical Bulletin 3(58): 142–152. DOI: 10.17072/2079-7877-2021-3-142-152 [In Russian]
Kalinin K.K. 2008. Successions of vegetation cover on large fire-sites of the Sredneye Zavolzhye Region. Vestnik of Volga State University of Technology. Series: Forest. Ecology. Nature Management 1: 19–28. [In Russian]
Kavgacı A., Čarni A., Basaran S., Başaran M.A., Košir P., Marinšek A., Šilc U. 2010. Long-term post-fire succession of Pinus brutia forest in the east Mediterranean. International Journal of Wildland Fire 19(5): 599–605. DOI: 10.1071/WF08044
Keane R.E. 2018. Managing wildfire for whitebark pine ecosystem restoration in Western North America. Forests 9(10): 648. DOI: 10.3390/f9100648
Kharitonova A.O., Kharitonova T.I. 2021. The effect of landscape pattern on the 2010 wildfire spread in the Mordovia State Nature Reserve, Russia. Nature Conservation Research 6(2): 29–41. DOI: 10.24189/ncr.2021.022 [In Russian]
Kiselev M.V., Voropay N.N., Cherkashina A.A. 2019. Influence of anthropogenic activities on the temperature regime of soils of the South-Western Baikal region. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 381: 012043 DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/381/1/012043
Kobechinskaya V.G., Oturina I.P., Apostolov V.L., Tomashevsky A.L. 2009. Influence of pirogenic factor on artificial pine's plantation in the Simferopol district. Ekosistemy 20: 146–153. [In Russian]
Kovaleva N.M., Zhila S.V., Ivanova G.A. 2012. The formation of living ground cover at the initial stage of pyrogenic succession in pine forests of the Lower Angara Region. Conifers of the Boreal Area 30(3): 265–269. [In Russian]
Krasnoshchekov Y.N., Evdokimenko M.D., Cherednikova Y.S., Boloneva M.V. 2010. Post-fire functioning of Eastern Cisbaikalian forest ecosystems. Contemporary Problems of Ecology 3(2): 161–166. DOI: 10.1134/S1995425510020049
Lazareva A.A., Afonina T.E. 2014. Forest fire monitoring of forests in the Tunkinskiy National Park. Vestnik IrGSHA 63: 29–36. [In Russian]
Lekhatinov A.M., Lekhatinova E.B. 2010. State forests and plant Red Book Tunkinski valley. In: Biodiversity, problems of ecology of Mountain Altai and adjacent regions: present, past, future. Gorno-Altaysk. P. 201–206. [In Russian]
Letunov P.A. (Ed.). 1962. Soil-geographical zoning of the USSR (in connection with agricultural use of lands). Moscow: AS USSR. 424 p. [In Russian]
Maksyutova E.V., Makarenko E.L., Silaev A.V. 2019. Forest fire activity and fire hazard in the Baikal Region under modern conditions. Geography and Natural Resources 5: 52–58. [In Russian]
Marañón-Jiménez S., Castro J., Querejeta J.I., Fernández-Ondoño E., Allen C.D. 2013. Post-fire wood management alters water stress, growth, and performance of pine regeneration in a Mediterranean ecosystem. Forest Ecology and Management 308: 231–239. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.07.009
Matveev A.M., Matveeva T.A. 2017. Role of fires in renewal of subordinate Scots pine. International Research Journal 04(58): 140–143. DOI: 10.23670/IRJ.2017.58.039 [In Russian]
Mikheev V.S., Ryashin V.A. 1977. Landscapes of the south of Eastern Siberia. Scale: 1 : 1500000. Moscow. 4 p. [In Russian]
Moreira F., Arianoutsou M., Vallejo V.R., De las Heras J., Corona P., Xanthopoulos G., Fernandes P., Papageorgiou K. 2012. Setting the scene for post-fire management. In: F. Moreira, M. Arianoutsou, P. Corena, J. De las Heras (Eds.): Post-Fire Management and Restoration of Southern European Forests. Vol. 24. Dordrecht: Springer. P. 1–19. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2208-8_1
Ne'eman G. 1997. Regeneration of Natural Pine Forest – Review of Work Done After the 1989 Fire in Mount Carmel, Israel. International Journal of Wildland Fire 7(4): 295–306. DOI: 10.1071/WF9970295
Nefedieva S.V. 2019. Forest fires on the territory of the Tunkinskiy National Park. In: Web-site of the Tunkinsky National Park. Available from https://www.tunkapark.ru/search/news/558-lesnye-pozhary-na-territorii-nacionalnogo-parka-tunkinskiy.html [In Russian]
Pashkang K.V., Vasilyeva I.V., Lapkina N.A., Rychagov G.I. 1969. Complex field practice in physical geography. Moscow: Vysshaya Shkola. 192 p. [In Russian]
Pobedinskiy A.V. 1965. Pine forests in Central Siberia and Transbaikalia. Moscow: Nauka. 268 p. [In Russian]
POWO. 2023. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens. Available from http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org
Roberts C.P., Donovan V.M., Wonkka C.L., Powell L.A., Allen C.R., Angeler D.G., Wedin D.A., Twidwell D. 2019. Fire legacies in eastern ponderosa pine forests. Ecology and Evolution 9(4): 1869–1879. DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4879
Rozhkov Yu.F., Kondakova M.Yu. 2019. Assessment of the post-fire forest restoration dynamics in the Olekminsky State Nature Reserve (Russia) according to data of Landsat satellite images. Nature Conservation Research 4(Suppl.1): 1–10. DOI: 10.24189/ncr.2019.014 [In Russian]
Sannikov S.N. 1992. Ecology and geography of natural regeneration of Scots pine. Moscow: Nauka. 264 p. [In Russian]
Shinkarenko S.S., Ivanov N.M., Berdengalieva A.N. 2021. Spatio-temporal dynamics of burnt areas in federal Protected Areas in the south-east of European Russia. Nature Conservation Research 6(3): 23–44. DOI: 10.24189/ncr.2021.035 [In Russian]
Sofronov M.A., Volokitina A.V., Martynov A.N. 2003. Evaluation of the success of reforestation, taking into account the uneven age of undergrowth and the uneven distribution of its distribution over the area. Forestry 5: 16–17. [In Russian]
Sofronov M.A., Volokitina A.V., Sofronova T.M. 2008. Fires and pyrogenic successions in the forests of the south Baikal region. Contemporary Problems of Ecology 1: 304–309. DOI: 10.1134/S199542550803003X
Solovyova A.A. 2018. Features of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) reforestation in the Priangarsky taiga region. Extended PhD Abstract. Krasnoyarsk. 20 p. [In Russian]
Sukhomlinov N.R. 2012. Monitoring of the pyrogenic transformation of ecosystems: problems, methods, approaches. In: Monitoring and biodiversity of ecosystems in Siberia and the Far East. Nakhodka: Institute of Technology and Business. P. 46–52. [In Russian]
Suleymanova G.F., Boldyrev V.A., Savinov V.A. 2019. Post-fire restoration of plant communities with Paeonia tenuifolia in the Khvalynsky National Park (Russia). Nature Conservation Research 4(Suppl.1): 57–77. DOI: 10.24189/ncr.2019.048
Tararuev V. 2017. Forest destruction continues in the Tunkinskiy National Park of Buryatia. In: Number one. Available from https://gazeta-n1.ru/news/55226/ [In Russian]
Thanos C.A., Doussi M.A. 2000. Post-fire regeneration of Pinus brutia forests. In: G. Ne'eman, L. Trabaud (Eds.): Ecology, Biogeography and Management of Pinus halepensis and P. brutia forest ecosystems in the Mediterranean basin. Leiden: Backhuys. P. 291–301.
Tsvetkov P.A. 2013. The influence of fires on the initial stage of forest formation in the middle taiga pine forests of Siberia. Conifers of the Boreal Area 31(1): 15–21. [In Russian]
Ürker O., Tavsanoglu Ç., Gürkan B. 2018. Post-fire recovery of the plant community in Pinus brutia forests: active vs. indirect restoration techniques after salvage logging. iForest 11(5): 635–642. DOI: 10.3832/ifor2645-011
Vallejo V.R., Arianoutsou M., Moreira F. 2012. Fire ecology and post-fire restoration approaches in Southern European forest types. In: F. Moreira, M. Arianoutsou, P. Corena, J. De Las Heras (Eds.): Post-Fire Management and Restoration of Southern European Forests. Vol. 24. Dordrecht: Springer. P. 93–119. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2208-8_5
Vasilenko O.V., Voropay N.N. 2015. Features of Climate Formation of Depressions in South-Western Baikal Region. Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya 2: 98–104. DOI: 10.15356/0373-2444-2015-2-104-111 [In Russian]
Vasiliev N. 2017. A former employee of the Tunkinskiy National Park speaks about multiple violations. In: Tunka 24. News of the Tunkinsky District. Available from http://tunka24.ru/2017/07/02/бывший-сотрудник-тункинского-нацпар [In Russian]
Volokitina F.V., Sofronova T.M. 2011. Protection of wild land urban interface from wildfires. Fire and Explosion Safety 3(20): 22–31. [In Russian]
Volokitina F.V., Sofronova T.M., Belyakin A.A. 2013. Ground Cover Regeneration after Surface Fires in the Forests of Southern Cisbaikalia. Russian Forestry Journal 2: 58–65. [In Russian]
Zhuchkova V.K., Rakovskaya E.M. (Eds.). 2004. Methods of complex physical-geographical research. Moscow: Akademia. 368 p. [In Russian]
Zlenko L.V., Koshurnikova N.N., Zhuikov A.V. 2015. Reforestation processes at felling and slash areas. Modern problems of science and education 5. Available from https://science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=22449 [In Russian]