| Authors |
Vladimir L. Kazenas, Chief Researcher, RSE Institute of Zoology of the Committee of Science, Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan; Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, 050060, Al-Farabi Avenue; e-mail: kazenas_vl@mail.ru.
Izbasar I. Temreshev, Senior Researcher, RSE Institute of Zoology of the Committee of Science, Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan; Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, 050060, Al-Farabi Avenue; e-mail: temreshev76@mail.ru
Perizat A. Esenbekova, Scientific Secretary, RSE Institute of Zoology of the Committee of Science, Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan; Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, 050060, Al-Farabi Avenue, 93; e-mail: esenbekova_periz@mail.ru |
| Abstract |
The article presents the results of a study on the species composition of stem pests- insects and limitation of their number, carried out in the Ile-Alatau State National Park (Kazakhstan) in 2011–2015. The reason for this study was a windfall, which occurred in 2011 in the National Park and followed a few years later by forest fires. These emergencies created a favourable environment for the reproduction of stem pests. The management of the Ile-Alatau National Park, together with the Institute of Zoology of the MES, has taken the necessary measures to investigate the species composition of the pests, their natural regulators and to conduct protective measures in the hotbeds of xylophages mass production. At the same time consultations and joint research with scientists from Kazakhstan, Russia, Kyrgyzstan and the Czech Republic were held. The monitoring of the state of forests started in 2011. The composition of species and number of xylophagous pests has been carried out. In the 2011–2015-surveys 48 species of stem pests, belonging to three orders of the class of insects, were found: Hemiptera, or Bugs (1 species, 1 family), Coleoptera, or Beetles (42 species, 5 families), Hymenoptera (5 species, 1 family). During all the years of research the Hauzer bark beetle Ips hauseri and the longhorn beetle ribbed ragy Rhagium inquisitor dominated numerically. Slightly less Orthotomicus suturalis and the kyrgyzstan micrograph Pityophthorus kirgisicus were found. Besides, the study of diseases of stem pests and their entomophages (predators and parasites) was carried out, which is a prerequisite for carrying out forest-pathological examinations. In total 53 species, from five classes, eleven orders and 27 families of invertebrates have been revealed. Most of them belong to the class of insects, others to spiders and centipedes. On several species of bark beetles and longhorn beetles an entomopathogenic fungus – white muscardine Beauveria bassiana was found. As the result of long-term monitoring, it was found out that due to removal and disposal of contaminated windfall wood, its natural decomposition in the field, the increasing number of entomophages and the spread of fungal epizootic among the pests there was a natural reduction of some old reproductive hotbeds of stem-pests, revealed in 2011–2013. However, the risk of the continued operation of some old and the emergence of new hotbeds is actual; that is why it is necessary to continue the monitoring of forest pathology and to use a number of stem pest control measures in future. |
| References |
Baizakov S., Iskakov S., Mukanov B., et al. 2010. Handbook of forester Kazakhstan. Astana. 288 p. [In Russian].
Data sheets on quarantine pests. Ips hauseri. 2005. Bulletin OEPP / EPPO Bulletin. Vol. 35. P. 450–452.
Diseases and pests in the forests of Russia: Century XXI. 2011. Proceedings of the Conference 20-25 September 2011 with international participation and V Annual readings in memory of O.A.Kataev. Yekaterinburg, Krasnoyarsk: IL SB RAS. 190 p. [In Russian].
Esenbekova P.A. 2013. Hemiptera (Heteroptera) of Kazahstan. Almaty: Nur-Print. 349 p. [In Russian].
Gabrid N.V. 2007. Pests and diseases of forest species Kyrgyzstan. Reference manual. Handbook. Bishkek: Ilim. 160 p. [In Russian].
Gussakovsky V.V. 1935. Horntails and sawflies. Fauna of the USSR. T. 2. Part 1. Vol. 1. Hymenoptera. Moscow-Leningrad: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences. 454 p. [In Russian].
Ilyinsky A.I. 1962. The determinant of forest pests. Moscow: Publishing House. agricultural literature, magazines and posters. 392 p. [In Russian].
Insects – destroyers of wood and entomophages. 1979. Ed. F.N. Pravdin. Moscow: Nauka. 255 p. [In Russian].
Instructions of Expeditionary forest pest survey of forests of the USSR. 1983. Gos. Soviet Committee on Forestry. Moscow. 181 p. [In Russian].
Ismuhambetov J.D. 1964. Insect pests, imported from the Siberian forest – a danger to the Tien Shan fir. Proceedings of the Kazakh Research Institute of Plant Protection. Vol. VIII. P. 245–254. [In Russian].
Ismuhambetov J.D. 1969a. Insect pests of Schrenk fir in Syumba Tracts (Ketmen Ridge) in the area of windfall. Proceedings of the Kazakh Research Institute of Plant Protection. Vol. VIII. P. 251–254. [In Russian].
Ismuhambetov J.D. 1969b. Insect pests of Schrenk spruce forest and the value. Proceedings of the Kazakh Research Institute of Plant Protection. Vol. IX. P. 86–91. [In Russian].
Ismuhambetov J.D. 1969c. The species composition of pests at the Tien Shan. Proceedings of the Kazakh Research Institute of Plant Protection.Vol. X. P. 51–61. [In Russian].
Ismuhambetov J.D. 1976. Pests of the Schrenk fir and measures to combat them. Almaty. 71 p. [In Russian].
Izhevskyi S.S., Nikitskyi N.B., Volkov O.B., Dolgin M.M. 2005. Illustrated Guide of xylophagous beetles - pests of forests and timber of the Russian Federation. Tula: Grif & Co. 220 p. [In Russian].
Jacobson M. 1976. Sex pheromones of insects. Translated from English. Moscow: Mir. 504 c. [In Russian].
KambulinV.E., Badayev E.A., Temreshev I.I. 2013. The problem of external and internal alliens species in Kazakhstan. The IV International Symposium Invasion of alien species in Holarctic / ID Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters Russian Academy of Sciences, AN Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Russian Academy of Sciences; Ed. Yu. Yu. Dgebuadze [et al.]. Yaroslavl: Publisher's bureau “Filigran". P. 75.
Kataev O.A., Mozolevskaya E.G. 1982. Ecology of stem pests (hearths, their development, substantiation of measures of struggle). Tutorial. Leningrad: Leningrad Academy of Forestry. 87 p. [In Russian].
Kataev O.A., Popovichev B.G. 2001. Forest pest survey to study stem insects in coniferous stands. St. Petersburg: SPbLTA. 72 p. [In Russian].
Kazenas V.L., Temreshev I.I. 2015. Gall wasps Ibalia leucospoides (Hymenoptera, Ibaliidae) – representative of a new family of Kazakhstan Hymenoptera – entomophages of stem pests of conifers. Conceptual and applied aspects of research and education in the field of Invertebrate Zoology: Proceedings of the IV International Conference. Tomsk, 26-28 October 2015 / Tomsk: TSU Publishing House. P. 57–60. [In Russian].
Kazenas V.L., Temreshev I.I., Esenbekova P.A., Childebaev M.K. 2015. Entomofauna of the State National Natural Park “Ile-Alatau" and adjacent areas (short ecological and taxonomic review). Proceedings of the Ile-Alatau State National Park. (Astana: Zhasyl Horde Publishing.) Issue 1. P. 231–293. [In Russian].
Kostin I.A. 1958. Insects – pests of Schrenk spruce in Jungar, Trans-Ili Alatau and Kungei. Trudy of the Institute of Zoology KazSSR. Vol. VIII. P. 112–117. [In Russian].
Kostin I.A. 1960. Materials on the fauna of Kazakhstan bark beetles (Coleoptera, Ipidae). Trudy of the Institute of Zoology KazSSR. Vol. XI. P. 129–136. [In Russian].
Kostin I.A. 1973. Dendrophagous beetles of Kazakhstan. Almaty: Publishing House of Science KazSSR. 280 p. [In Russian].
Leather S.R. 2005. Insect Sampling in Forest Ecosystems. Blackwell Publishing. 303 p.
Lieutier F., K.R. Day, A.Battisti, J.-C.Gregoire, H.F.Evans (Eds). 2004. Bark and Wood Boring Insects in Living Trees in Europe, a synthesis. Dordrecht-Boston-London: Kluwer Acad. publishers. 570 p.
Mamaev B.M. 1977. Biology of insect destroyers of wood. Moscow. 213 p. [In Russian].
Maslov A.D. 2006. Guidelines for supervision, accounting and the forecast of mass reproduction of stem pests and forest health. Pushkin. 68 p. [In Russian].
Maslov A.D., Lyamtsev N.I., Komarova I.A. et al. 2010. Guidelines for the use of new forest pests pheromones for conducting pathology monitoring / Approved by the Federal Forestry Agency of 04.05.2010 № 177. Moscow. 31 p. [In Russian].
Maslov A.D., Matusevich L.S., Ogibin B.N. et al. 1996. Guidelines for protection of soft wood from pests. Moscow. 16 p. [In Russian].
Maslov A.D., Vedernikov N.M., Andreeva G. et al. 1988. Forest protection from pests and diseases. Moscow: Agropromizdat. 414 p. [In Russian].
Mozolevskaya E.G., Kataev O.A., Sokolova E.S. 1984. Methods of forest pathology survey of hotbeds of stem pests and diseases. Moscow: Forest industry. 152 p. [In Russian].
Nevolina N.B. 2006. Species composition, distribution and dynamics of communities of beetles-xilobiontes in the forests of the Moscow region and their biocenotic role: Author. dis. ... cand. biol. sciences: 03.00.09. Moscow. 24 p. [In Russian].
Nikitsky N.B.1980. Insect predators of bark beetles and their ecology. Moscow: Nauka. 232 p. [In Russian].
Nikitskyi N.B., Izhevskyi S.S. 2005. Xylophagous beetles – pests of woody plants in Russia. Diseases and pests in the forests of Russia. Vol. II. Moscow: The Forest Service. 120 p. [In Russian].
Recommendations for the use of new major pheromone forest pests to conduct pathology monitoring (for pilot production test). 2009. Ministry of Agriculture Project, Federal Forestry Agency. VNIILM. Pushkino. 33 p. [In Russian].
Roques A et al. (Eds.). Alien terrestrial arthropods of Europe. 2010. Doi: 10.3897 / biorisk.4.41-4.71.
Sanitary regulations in the forests of the Republic of Kazakhstan. 2011. Approved by the Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated February 17, 2011. № 25-2-02 / 70. [In Russian].
Stark V.N.1952. Bark beetles. Fauna of the USSR. 31. Moscow-Leningrad: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. 462 p. [In Russian].
Temreshev I.I. 2011. Pests of storage and raw materials, distributed in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and some accompanying and quarantine species (species composition and brief technology protection measures). Almaty: LLP “Orange". 390 p. [In Russian].
Temreshev I.I. 2013. Fauna of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolitinae) of Kazakhstan. Materials of the International scientific and practical conference held within the framework of the annual readings of memory of corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR A.A. Sludskii. Almaty, March 11-12, 2013. Almaty: Nur-Print. P. 292–300. [In Russian].
Temreshev I.I. 2015. On the invasions of some species of insects in the territory of the State National Natural Park “Ile-Alatau". Proceedings of the IV International scientific and practical conference “The role of protected areas in biodiversity conservation", dedicated to 20th anniversary of State Nature Reserve “Prisursky". October 21-24, 2015. Cheboksary, Russia. Proceedings of National Nature Reserve “Prisursky." T. 30. Vol. 2. P. 17–21. [In Russian].
Temreshev I.I., Childebaev M.K. 2014. Alien species of insects (Arthropoda: Insecta) in Almaty. Zoological Research regions of Russia and neighboring territories: Proceedings of the III International Scientific Conference. Nizhny Novgorod: NSPU them. K. Minin. P. 186–189. [In Russian].
Temreshev I.I., Childebaev M.K., Esenbekova P.E. 2015a. Insects, collected in window traps in the State National Natural Park “Ile-Alatau" in 2014. Bulletin of KNU. Biological Series.Vol. 1 (63). P. 271–278. [In Russian].
Temreshev I.I., Childebaev M.K., Esenbekova P.E., Ormanova G.J.2015b. Materials for the study of the species composition of insects – the hosts of pathogens of fungal infections in Kazakhstan. Bulletin of KNU. A series of environmental. Vol. 1/2 (43). P. 584–590. [In Russian].
Temreshev I.I., Childebaev M.K., Esenbekova P.E. 2015c. Entomophages of xylophilous insects of the State National Natural Park “Ile-Alatau". Bulletin of KNU. Biological Series.Vol. № 2 (1). P. 66–72. [In Russian].
Temreshev I.I., Childebaev M.K., Ormanova G.J. 2014. On the biology and distribution of some species of Coleoptera (Insecta, Coleoptera) in Kazakhstan. Bulletin of KNU. A series of environmental. Vol. 1/1 (40). P. 424–426. [In Russian].
Temreshev I.I., Kazenas V.L. 2015. Detecting nematodes (Nematoda) – larvae of parasites barbell ragiya ribbed [Rhagium inquisitor (Linnaeus, 1758), Coleoptera: Cerambycidae] in Kazakhstan. Protection of the environment and ecological-biological entity: a collection of the international scientific-practical conference, Elabuga, 25–26 November 2015 / edited V.V.Leontiev. Yelabuga: Published Leontyev V.V. P. 171–174. [In Russian].
Temreshev I.I., Kazenas V.L. 2015. New findings of horntail Sirex noctilio F. (Hymenoptera, Siricidae) – dangerous stem pest of conifers in South-East Kazakhstan. Conceptual and applied aspects of research and education in the field of Invertebrate Zoology: Proceedings of the IV International Conference. Tomsk, 26-28 October 2015. Tomsk: TSU Publishing House. P. 125–127. [In Russian].
Temreshev I.I., Kolov C.V. 2013. Insects from windbreak sites in the State National Natural Park «Ile-Alatau», Almaty Oblast, Kazakhstan. Euroasian Entomological Journal. Vol. 12 (2). Р. 125–131. [In Russian].
Temreshev I.I., Kolov S.V., Gritsenko N.I., Ismagulov E.Zh. 2012. On the entomological situation in windfall places in SSPE «Ile-Alatau». Proceedings of the International Conference «The fauna of Kazakhstan and adjacent territories», dedicated to the 80th anniversary of the Institute of Zoology of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Almaty: Nur-Print. P. 163–165. [In Russian].
Temreshev I.I., Kolov S.V., Kadyrbekov A.D. 2012. New data on the habitats of some species of Coleoptera (Insecta, Coleoptera), found in the state national natural park «Ile-Alatau». Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference. Almaty. P. 250–251. [In Russian].
Toktoraliev B.A.1993. Xylophages of Kyrgyzstan forests. Author. diss. ... doctor. biol. sciences. Moscow: MSFU. 45 p. [In Russian].
Vorontsov A.I. 1978. Forest Pathology. Moscow: Forest precious stones and diamonds. 266 p. [In Russian].
Vorontsov A.I. 1982. Forest Entomology. Moscow: Higher School. 384 p. [In Russian]. |
