Статья

Фернанда Кристина дос Сантос Тиберио, доцент Федерального института образования, науки и технологии штата Сан Пауло (авенида Клара Жианотти де Соуза, 5180, 11900-000 Режистро, штат Сан Пауло, Бразилия); iD ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0822-6990; e-mail: fernanda.tiberio@ifsp.edu.br
Рафаэль де Оливейра Шавиэр, постдок-исследователь в Институте биологии Университета штата Сан Пауло в г. Кампинас (университетский городок Зеферино Ваз, улица Монтейро Лобато, 255, 13083-862 Кампинас, штат Сан Пауло, Бразилия); e-mail: filosxavier@gmail.com
Павел Викторович Додонов, доцент Института биологии Федерального университета Баии (улица Барона Жеремоабо, 668, Кампус Ондина, 40170-115 Салвадор, штат Баия, Бразилия); iD ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8205-6320; e-mail: pdodonov@gmail.com, pdodonov@ufba.br
Далва М. Силва Матос, профессор Департамента гидробиологии Федерального университета Сан Карлоса (п.я. 676, 13565-905 Сан Карлос, штат Сан Пауло, Бразилия); iD ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9461-2179; e-mail: dmatos@ufscar.br

Tiberio F.C.S., Xavier R.O., Dodonov P., Silva Matos D.M. 2022. Fire has short-term negative effects on a super-dominant native fern, Pteridium arachnoideum (Dennstaedtiaceae), in a Brazilian savanna // Nature Conservation Research. Vol. 7(3). P. 15–25. https://dx.doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2022.027

Electronic Supplement. Summary statistics and original data for a burnt and a control site with Pteridium arachnoideum before and after a prescribed fire in the study area (Central Brazil) (Ссылка).

Лесные пожары играют главную роль в преобладающем распространении сверхдоминантного папоротника-орляка Pteridium arachnoideum в неотропических лесах. Однако не ясно, применимо ли это утверждение к бразильской саванне (Серрадо), чья растительность естественным образом приспособлена к огню. Мы оценили воздействие пожара на надземную биомассу P. arachnoideum в экологическом заповеднике с Серрадо в центральной части Бразилии. Мы измерили высоту вайи, плотность, биомассу почвы и лесной подстилки до и в течение двух лет после пожара, а также взяли пробы из контрольной зоны для контроля сезонных изменений и выявления других возможных причин гибели растений. Через 18 месяцев на местах пожара средняя высота листьев P. arachnoideum и надземная биомасса уменьшились более чем в три раза. Густота вайи уменьшилась как на участках поражённых огнем, так и на контрольном участке, что указывает на то, что это могло быть вызвано другими причинами, помимо пожара. Биомасса лесной подстилки уменьшилась вскоре после пожара на сгоревшем участке, но уже через год вернулась к допожарному уровню. Возможным объяснением столь тяжёлых последствий пожара на рост P. arachnoideum является проведение пожара в начале засухи, а также активность муравьев-листорезов. Эти факторы, вероятно, ограничили немедленное восстановление растения. Тем не менее, эффективный клональный рост P. arachnoideum, по-видимому, не позволил огню полностью уничтожить растение на участке пожара. Мы пришли к выводу, что воздействие пожаров может привести к снижению численности P. arachnoideum в Серрадо. Таким образом, контролируемые пожары могут быть использованы в качестве инструмента управления численностью P. arachnoideum на участках Серрадо, где этот вид является супердоминирующим, в идеале в сочетании с другими мерами борьбы.

клональный рост, контролируемый пожар, нарушение, неотропический папоротник-орляк, Серрадо

Поступила: 08.02.2022. Исправлена: 20.06.2022. Принята к опубликованию: 25.06.2022.

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