| Authors |
Stanislav S. Shinkarenko, PhD, Researcher of the Space Research Institute of RAS (117997 Russia, Moscow, Profsoyuznaya street, 84/32); Researcher of the Federal scientific Center of Agroecology, Complex Meliorations and Agroforestry of RAS (400062, Russia, Volgograd, Universitetskiy Avenue, 97); iD ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9269-4489; e-mail: shinkarenkos@vfanc.ru
Nikita M. Ivanov, MSc Student of the Volgograd State University (400062, Russia, Volgograd, Universitetskiy Avenue, 100); 2nd class engineer of Municipal state institution «City Information Center» (400074, Russia, Volgograd, Bobruyskaya Street, 7); iD ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2198-5684; e-mail: vip.nikita.199@mail.ru
Asel N. Berdengalieva, Research Laboratory Assistant of the Federal scientific Center of Agroecology, Complex Meliorations and Agroforestry of RAS (400062, Russia, Volgograd, Universitetskiy Avenue, 97); iD ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5252-7133; e-mail: berdengalieva-an@vfanc.ru |
| Abstract |
The paper is aimed to detect burnt sites in Protected Areas (PAs) in the arid zone of Russia: Astrakhansky State Nature Reserve, Bogdinsko-Baskunchaksky State Nature Reserve, Chernye Zemli State Nature Reserve, Melketinsky Sanctuary, Sarpinsky Sanctuary, Kharbinsky Sanctuary, and Stepnoy Sanctuary. The study covers the period of 2001–2019. Regular landscape wildfires are a significant factor of the vegetation cover dynamics. Therefore they should be considered during performing the landscape and environmental research. This study is based on visual expert interpretation of colour-synthesised spectrozonal satellite data of Landsat and Sentinel 2 using shortwave and near infrared bands as well as the analysis of informational products for detecting active wildfire foci and burnt sites. This allowed us to reveal that summer and autumn wildfire events prevail in the Bogdinsko-Baskunchaksky State Nature Reserve, Chernye Zemli State Nature Reserve, Mekletinsky Sanctuary, Sarpinsky Sanctuary, Kharbinsky Sanctuary, and Stepnoy Sanctuary. In the intrazonal landscapes of the River Volga delta of the Astrakhansky State Nature Reserve, over 80% of wildfires occur in March and April. A total of 10 169 wildfire events have been identified over the entire research period in the studied PAs and in the 12-km surroundings. In the Chernye Zemli State Nature Reserve, there were no sites left untouched by a wildfire. In 2006 and 2015, the area of burnt sites in the Chernye Zemli State Nature Reserve exceeded 1100 km2. Across all of the studied PAs, the largest total burned-out sites were registered in 2002 and 2006, when more than 2500 km2 were burnt, as well as in 2007, 2011 and 2015, with burnt areas over 1500 km2. In the Astrakhansky State Nature Reserve, an annual average of 17 wildfire events were registered. In addition, the Astrakhansky State Nature Reserve was characterised by the maximum frequency of wildfire events: up to 18–19 wildfire events at the same sites within an area of about 4 km2. Astrakhansky State Nature Reserve, Chernye Zemli State Nature Reserve and Stepnoy Sanctuary were characterised by a decrease in wildfire rate with distancing from the boundaries of these PAs. In all steppe PAs, a decrease in wildfire incidence was observed in 2011–2019 as compared to 2000–2010, including by 2.7 times in the Bogdinsko-Baskunchaksky State Nature Reserve and by 30% in the Chernye Zemli State Nature Reserve. Only the Astrakhansky State Nature Reserve demonstrated the absence of considerable changes in the number and area of wildfires during the study period. Mineralised strips along the borders of the Bogdinsko-Baskunchaksky State Nature Reserve up to 20 m wide restrain the advance of wildfire into this PA. So, the area of the Bogdinsko-Baskunchaksky State Nature Reserve is three times less flammable than the area of the Baskunchak Natural Park, which does not have mineralised strips and surrounds the Bogdinsko-Baskunchaksky State Nature Reserve. Along the borders of the Chernye Zemli State Nature Reserve, the width of mineralised strips does not exceed 4–5 m, which is not sufficient to prevent the advance of wildfires. So, up to 90% of wildfires from a 5-km radius and all wildfires from the buffer zone of the Chernye Zemli State Nature Reserve penetrate into the core zone of this PA. The map data obtained as a result of this study can be used to research pyrogenic changes in ecosystems as well as to determine the most flammable areas for optimisation of preventive measures. |
| References |
Abaturov B.D., Dzapova R.R. 2015. Forage availability to saigas (Saiga tatarica) and their state on steppe pastures with a different ratio of graminoid plants and forbs. Biology Bulletin 42(2): 163–170. DOI: 10.1134/S1062359015020028
Arkhipkin O.P., Spivak L.F., Sagatdinova G.N. 2007. Five-year experience of operational space monitoring of fires in Kazakhstan. Sovremennye Problemy Distantsionnogo Zondirovaniya Zemli iz Kosmosa 1(4): 103–110. [In Russian]
Bakiev A.G., Gorelov R.A., Klenina A.A. 2019. Post-fire abundance and age composition dynamics of Lacerta agilis (Reptilia, Lacertidae) in the Orenburg State Nature Reserve (Russia). Nature Conservation Research 4(Suppl.1): 105–109. DOI: 10.24189/ncr.2019.047
Barmin A.N., Golub V.B. 2000. Instructive lesson of results of reed thickets operation in the Volga river delta. Proceedings of Samara Scientific Centre of RAS 2(2): 295–299. [In Russian]
Bartalev S.A., Egorov V.A., Efremov V.Yu., Loupian E.A., Stytsenko F.V., Flitman E.V. 2012. Integrated burnt area assessment based on combine use of multi-resolution MODIS and Landsat-TM/ETM+ satellite data. Sovremennye Problemy Distantsionnogo Zondirovaniya Zemli iz Kosmosa 9(2): 9–26. [In Russian]
Bartalev S.A., Stytsenko F.V., Khvostikov S.A., Loupian E.A. 2017. Methodology of post-fire tree mortality monitoring and prediction using remote sensing data. Sovremennye Problemy Distantsionnogo Zondirovaniya Zemli iz Kosmosa 14(6): 176–193. DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2017-14-6-176-193 [In Russian]
Berdengalieva A.N., Shinkarenko S.S. 2020. Non-Forest Fires in River Floodplains Identification. Nauchno-Agronomichesky Zhurnal 4: 43–48. DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2020.111.4.008.43-48 [In Russian]
Berlyant A.M. 2006. Geoimage theory. Moscow: GEOS. 262 p. [In Russian]
Bondarev D.V., Markova O.A., Podolyako S.A. 2019. The Protected Areas' Age: to the 100th anniversary of the Astrakhan State Nature Biosphere Reserve. Voronezh: Astrakhan State Nature Reserve. 240 p. [In Russian]
Chuvieco E., Pettinari M.L., Lizundia-Loiola J., Storm T., Padilla Parellada M. 2018. ESA Fire Climate Change Initiative (Fire_cci): MODIS Fire_cci Burned Area Pixel product, version 5.1. Centre for Environmental Data Analysis. 01 November 2018. DOI: 10.5285/58f00d8814064b79a0c49662ad3af537
Dara A., Baumann M., Hölzel N., Hostert P., Kamp J., Müller D., Ullrich B., Kuemmerle T. 2019. Post-Soviet Land-Use Change Affected Fire Regimes on the Eurasian Steppes. Ecosystems 23(5): 943–956. DOI: 10.1007/s10021-019-00447-w
Dubinin M., Potapov P., Lushekina A., Radeloff V.C. 2010. Reconstructing long time series of burned areas in arid grasslands of southern Russia by satellite remote sensing. Remote Sensing of Environment 114(8): 1638–1648. DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2010.02.010
Dubinin M., Lushekina A., Radeloff V.C. 2011a. Climate, Livestock, and Vegetation: What Drives Fire Increase in the Arid Ecosystems of Southern Russia? Ecosystems 14(4) 547–562. DOI: 10.1007/s10021-011-9427-9
Dubinin M.Y., Lushchekina A.A., Radeloff V.C. 2011b. Assessment of the present dynamics of fires in arid ecosystems by use of remote sensing data: the case of Chernye Zemli. Arid Ecosystems 1(3): 184–192. DOI: 10.1134/S2079096111030061
Dusaeva G.Kh., Kalmykova O.G., Dusaeva N.V. 2019. Fire influence on dynamics of above-ground phytomass in steppe plant communities in the Burtinskaya Steppe (Orenburg State Nature Reserve, Russia). Nature Conservation Research 4(Suppl.1): 78–92. DOI: 10.24189/ncr.2019.050
Dymova T.V. 2015. Monitoring natural fires on the territory of Astrakhan region. Engineering and Construction Bulletin of the Caspian Region 3(13): 16–21. [In Russian]
Dymova T.V. 2019. Main and related factors impact on the environment of the reed fires. Astrakhan Bulletin for Environmental Education 2(50): 210–214. [In Russian]
Giglio L., Descloitres J., Justice C.O., Kaufman Y.J. 2006. An enhanced contextual fire detection algorithm for MODIS. Remote Sensing of Environment 87(2–3): 273–282. DOI: 10.1016/S0034-4257(03)00184-6
Giglio L., Loboda T., Roy D.P., Quayle B., Justice C.O. 2009. An active-fire based burned area mapping algorithm for the MODIS sensor. Remote Sensing of Environment 113(2): 408–420. DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2008.10.006
Giglio L., Justice C., Boschetti L., Roy D. 2015. MCD64A1 MODIS/Terra+Aqua Burned Area Monthly L3 Global 500m SIN Grid V006 (Data set). NASA EOSDIS Land Processes DAAC. Available from: https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MCD64A1.006
Giglio L., Boschetti L., Roy D.P., Humber M.L., Justice C.O. 2018. The Collection 6 MODIS burned area mapping algorithm and product. Remote Sensing of Environment 217: 72–85. DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2018.08.005
Hall J.V., Loboda T.V., Giglio L., McCarty G.W. 2016. A MODIS-based burned area assessment for Russian croplands: Mapping requirements and challenges. Remote Sensing of Environment 184: 506–521. DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2016.07.022
Hawbaker T.J., Radeloff V.C., Syphard A.D., Zhu Z., Stewart S.I. 2007. Detection rates of the MODIS active fire product in the United States. Remote Sensing of Environment 112(5): 2656–2664. DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2007.12.008
Ilyina V.N. 2011. Impact of fires on the vegetation cover. Samarskaya Luka: problems of regional and global ecology 20(2): 4–30. [In Russian]
Ivanov N.M., Shinkarenko S.S., Zarbalieva N.O. 2020. The Fire Regime Features of the Volga Delta Hilly Landscapes. Nauchno-Agronomichesky Zhurnal 4(111): 29–34. DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2020.111.4.006.29-34 [In Russian]
Kazeev K.Sh., Poltoratskaya T.A., Yakimova A.S., Odobashyan M.Yu., Shkhapatsev A.K., Kolesnikov S.I. 2019. Post-fire changes in the biological properties of the brown soils in the Utrish State Nature Reserve (Russia). Nature Conservation Research 4(Suppl.1): 93–104. DOI: 10.24189/ncr.2019.055
Kharitonova A.O., Kharitonova T.I. 2021. The effect of landscape pattern on the 2010 wildfire spread in the Mordovia State Nature Reserve, Russia. Nature Conservation Research 6(2): 29–41. DOI: 10.24189/ncr.2021.022 [In Russian]
Kulik K.N., Petrov V.I., Rulev A.S., Kosheleva O.Y., Shinkarenko S.S. 2018. On the 30th Anniversary of the «General Plan to Combat Desertification of Black Lands and Kizlyar Pastures». Arid Ecosystems 8(1): 1–6. DOI: 10.1134/S2079096118010067
Kuzmina Zh.V., Treshkin S.E., Shinkarenko S.S. 2018. Effects of River Control and Climate Changes on the Dynamics of the Terrestrial Ecosystems of the Lower Volga Region. Arid Ecosystems 8(4): 231–244. DOI: 10.1134/S2079096118040066
Lizundia-Loiola J., Otón G., Ramo R., Chuvieco E. 2020. A spatio-temporal active-fire clustering approach for global burned area mapping at 250 m from MODIS data. Remote Sensing of Environment 236: 111493. DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2019.111493
Loupian E.A., Bartalev S.A., Balashov I.V., Egorov V.A., Ershov D.V., Kobets D.A, Senko K.S., Stytsenko F.V., Sychugov I.G. 2017. Satellite monitoring of forest fires in the 21st century in the territoryof the Russian Federation (facts and figures based on active fires detection). Sovremennye Problemy Distantsionnogo Zondirovaniya Zemli iz Kosmosa 14(6): 158–175. DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2017-14-6-158-175 [In Russian]
Masocha M., Dube T., Mpofu N.T., Chimunhu S. 2018. Accuracy assessment of MODIS active fire products in southern African savannah woodlands. African Journal of Ecology 56(3): 563–571. DOI: 10.1111/aje.12494
Mitchell A. 2005. The ESRI Guide to GIS Analysis. Vol. 2: Spatial Measurements and Statistics. ESRI Press. 252 p.
MODIS. 2020. MODIS Collection 6 NRT Hotspot / Active Fire Detections MCD14ML distributed from NASA FIRMS. Available from: https://earthdata.nasa.gov/firms. DOI: 10.5067/FIRMS/MODIS/MCD14ML
Nemkov V.A., Sapiga E.V. 2010. Impact of fires on the fauna of terrestrial arthropods in protected steppe ecosystems. Russian Journal of Ecology 41(2): 173–179. DOI: 10.1134/S1067413610020104
Oparin M.L., Oparina O.S. 2003. Influence of fires on dynamics of steppe vegetation. Povolzhsky Journal of Ecology 2: 158–171. [In Russian]
Pavleichik V.M. 2015 Spatial and temporal structure of fires on reserved areas «Burtinskaya Steppe». Bulletin of the Orenburg Scientific Center of Ural Branch of RAS 4: 1–11. [In Russian]
Pavleichik V.M. 2016a. On the question of the activation of steppe fires (on the example of the Trans-Volga-Ural region). Proceedings of Voronezh State University. Series: Geography. Geoecology 3: 15–25. [In Russian]
Pavleichik V.M. 2016b. Multi-year dynamics of natural fire in the steppe regions (on the example of the Orenburg region). Vestnik of the Orenburg State University 6(194): 74–80. [In Russian]
Pavleichik V.M. 2017. The conditions for the spread of grass fires and the periodicity of their occurrence in the Transvolga-Ural Region. Geography and Natural Resources 2: 56–65. DOI: 10.21782/GIPR0206-1619-2017-2(56-65) [In Russian]
Pavleichik V.M. 2018. Experience of data application of remote sensing In studies of steppe fires. Advances in Current Natural Sciences 11: 377–382. [In Russian]
Pavleichik V.M. 2019. The latitudinal-zonal heterogeneity of the development of grass fires in the Volga-Ural Region. Bulletin of the Orenburg Scientific Center of Ural Branch of RAS 2: 1–14. DOI: 10.24411/2304-9081-2019-12013 [In Russian]
Pavleichik V.M., Chibilev A.A. 2018. Steppe fires in conditions the regime of reserve and under changing anthropogenic impacts. Geography and Natural Resources 39(3): 212–221. DOI: 10.1134/S1875372818030046
Pavleichik V.M., Kalmykova O.G., Soroka O.V. 2020. Features of the thermal regime and humidification of post-pyrogenic steppe landscapes. Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya 84(4): 541–550. DOI: 10.31857/S2587556620040111 [In Russian]
QGIS. 2020. QGIS Geographic Information System. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project. Available from: http://qgis.osgeo.org
Rodin L.E. 1981. Pyrogenic factor and vegetation of the arid zone. Botanicheskii Zhurnal 66(12): 1673–1684. [In Russian]
Ryabinina N.O., Kanishchev S.N., Shinkarenko S.S. 2018. The current state and dynamics of geosystems in the south-east of the Russian plain (by the example of the natural parks in Volgograd Region). South of Russia: Ecology, Development 13(1): 116–127. DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2018-1-116-127 [In Russian]
Shinkarenko S.S. 2015. The spatial and temporal analysis of steppe fires in Lake Elton area based on RSD. Science Journal of Volgograd State University 1(11): 87–94. DOI: 10.15688/jvolsu11.2015.1.9 [In Russian]
Shinkarenko S.S. 2017. Identification of steppe fires according to the data of Landsat and MODIS. Nauchno-Agronomichesky Zhurnal 2: 32–34. [In Russian]
Shinkarenko S.S. 2018. Assessment of steppe burning dynamicsin Astrakhan Region. Sovremennye Problemy Distantsionnogo Zondirovaniya Zemli iz Kosmosa 15(1): 138–146. DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2018-15-1-138-146 [In Russian]
Shinkarenko S.S. 2019a Fire regime of North Caspian landscapes according to the data of active burning centres. Sovremennye Problemy Distantsionnogo Zondirovaniya Zemli iz Kosmosa 16(1): 121–133. DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2019-16-1-121-133 [In Russian]
Shinkarenko S.S. 2019b Spatial-temporal dynamics of desertification in Black Lands. Sovremennye Problemy Distantsionnogo Zondirovaniya Zemli iz Kosmosa 16(6): 155–168. DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2019-16-6-155-168 [In Russian]
Shinkarenko S.S., Berdengalieva A.N. 2019a. Analysis of steppe fires long-term dynamics in Volgograd Region. Sovremennye Problemy Distantsionnogo Zondirovaniya Zemli iz Kosmosa 16(2): 98–110. DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2019-16-2-98-110 [In Russian]
Shinkarenko S.S., Berdengalieva A.N. 2019b. Geoinformation analysis of landscape fires in Volga-Akhtuba floodplain. Nauchno-agronomicheskii zhurnal 1: 14–17. [In Russian]
Shinkarenko S.S., Berdengalieva A.N., Doroshenko V.V., Oleinikova K.A. 2019. Determination of the pyro-factor ecological successions duration in the zonal landscapes of the Volgograd region according to the remote sensing data. Natural Systems and Resources 2: 44–53. DOI: 10.15688/nsr.jvolsu.2019.2.6 [In Russian]
Shinkarenko S.S., Doroshenko V.V., Berdengalieva A.N. 2020. Fire regime of landscapes in the Volgograd region according to remote sensing data. Advances in Engineering Research 191: 269–273. DOI: 10.2991/aer.k.200202.054
Shinkarenko S.S., Doroshenko V.V., Berdengalieva A.N., Komarova I.A. 2021. Dynamics of arid landscapes burning of Russia and adjacent territories according to active fire data. Sovremennye Problemy Distantsionnogo Zondirovaniya Zemli iz Kosmosa 18(1): 149–164. DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2021-18-1-149-164 [In Russian]
Suleymanova G.F., Boldyrev V.A., Savinov V.A. 2019. Post-fire restoration of plant communities with Paeonia tenuifolia in the Khvalynsky National Park (Russia). Nature Conservation Research 4(Suppl.1): 57–77. DOI: 10.24189/ncr.2019.048
Terenozhkin I.I. 1936. On the impact of fires on the vegetation of the semi-desert. Priroda 9: 45–59. [In Russian]
Tishkov A.A. 2009. Fires in steppes and savannas. Steppe Science 7: 79–83. [In Russian]
Tkachuk T.E. 2015. Dinamics of Steppe Fires Areas in the South of Dauria in the First Decade of the XXI Century. Scholarly Notes of Transbaikal State University 1: 72–79. [In Russian]
Ukrainski P.A. 2013. Dynamics of the spectral properties of overgrown burned grass areas. Sovremennye Problemy Distantsionnogo Zondirovaniya Zemli iz Kosmosa 10(4): 229–238. [In Russian]
Vasilchenko A.A., Vypritskiy A.A. 2020. Methodology of the identification of the anthropogenic changes of the arid landscapes. Grani Poznaniya 5(70): 75–81. [In Russian]
Voronina V.P., Vlasenko M.V., Vdovenko A.V. 2012. Restoration of vegetation of exposed to pyrogenic action virgin pastures of the Astrakhan region. Nauchnoe Obozrenie 3: 10–17. [In Russian]
Williams R.J., Griffiths A.D., Allan G.E., Bradstock A., Williams J.E., Gill A.M. 2002. Fire regimes and biodiversity in the wet-dry tropical landscapes of northern Australia In: Flammable Australia: the fire regimes and biodiversity of a continent. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. P. 281–304.
Williams R.J., Gill A.M., Anderson A.N., Cook G.D., Williams J.E. 2003. Fire behavior. In: Fire in tropical savannas: The Kapalga experiment. New York: Springer-Verlag. P. 33–46.
Zolotokrylin A.N., Cherenkova E.A., Titkova T.B. 2020. Aridization of Drylands in the European Part of Russia: Secular Trends and Links to Droughts. Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya 84(2): 207–217. DOI: 10.31857/S258755662002017X [In Russian] |
