| Аннотация |
Изучены пихто-ельники чернично-зеленомошный (ЧЗ) на подзолах и бореально-высокотравный (БВ) на буроземах в Печоро-Илычском заповеднике, Северный Урал. В каждом типе леса на глубину корнеобитаемой зоны отбирали монолиты размером 50 × 50 см2 (n = 54 и n = 45 для БВ и ЧЗ соответственно), из которых выбирали живые растения всех видов трав, кустарничков и мохообразных, определяли их видовую принадлежность и функциональную группу. На тех же участках закладывали почвенные разрезы (три повторности), из каждого горизонта которых отбирали смешанный образец. В образцах растений и почвы измеряли концентрацию Mg, Al, P, S, K, Ca, Mn, Fe и Zn методом рентгено-флуоресцентного анализа. Выявлено, что основу напочвенного покрова изученного БВ пихто-ельника составляют виды высокотравья и по сравнению с флорой ЧЗ в них на 28% ниже доля бореальных видов, а доля неморальных и нитрофильных видов, наоборот, выше на 20% и 14% соответственно. В подземной части растений обоих типов леса накапливается Mg, Zn, Mn и Al, а в надземной – Са, K, S, P. Различие в химическом составе растений обоих типов леса определяется вариативностью содержания Ca, K, P и Mg, а в высокотравном лесу еще и Al, Fe, Zn, Mn и S. В ЧЗ пихто-ельнике для бореального мелкотравья характерен более высокий разброс содержания K, S, Mg, P, Zn, Fe и Al, а бореальные кустарнички имели наиболее высокое содержание Mn. В БВ пихто-ельнике луговые травы имели наибольшую вариабельность содержания P, S, Al, Ca, Fe и Mn, а виды как бореального высокотравья и мелкотравья, так и неморального высокотравья имели сходное содержание Al, Fe, Mn и Mg. При сравнении химического состава почв (горизонты О и А) изученных типов леса выявлено, что в буроземах на 50% выше содержание Ca, Mg, K, Zn, P и S, а в подзолах – Al и Fe, что определяется, в большей степени, типом подстилающих пород и обильным опадом напочвенного покрова, обогащенным этими химическими элементами. |
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