Статья

Дмитрий Геннадьевич Иванов, м.н.с. Института проблем экологии и эволюции им. А.Н. Северцова РАН (119071, Россия, Москва, Ленинский пр-т., д. 33); iD ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5662-3544; e-mail: ivanovdg19@gmail.com
Иван Павлович Котлов, н.с. Института проблем экологии и эволюции им. А.Н. Северцова РАН (119071, Россия, Москва, Ленинский пр-т., д. 33); iD ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3251-2778; e-mail: ikotlov@gmail.com
Татьяна Юрьевна Минаева, к.б.н., с.н.с. Филиала «Центра сохранения и восстановления болотных экосистем» Института лесоведения РАН (121609, Россия, Москва, поселок Сосновка, д. 3, корп. 1); iD ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4770-8335; e-mail: tminayeva@ilan.ras.ru
Юлия Александровна Курбатова, к.б.н., зав. лаб. биогеоценологии им. В.Н. Сукачева Института проблем экологии и эволюции им. А.Н. Северцова РАН (119071, Россия, Москва, Ленинский пр-т., д. 33); iD ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4452-7376; e-mail: kurbatova.j@gmail.com

Ivanov D.G., Kotlov I.P., Minayeva T.Yu., Kurbatova Ju.A. 2021. Estimation of carbon dioxide fluxes on a ridge-hollow bog complex using a high resolution orthophotoplan // Nature Conservation Research. Vol. 6(2). P. 16–28. https://dx.doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2021.020

Использование беспилотных летательных аппаратов (БПЛА) для детального картографирования экосистем становится все более актуальным в последние годы. Большой интерес в получении высокодетальных ортофотопланов представляют болотные экосистемы как одни из основных наземных резервуаров углерода. При этом довольно мало работ отражает суммарные потоки CO₂ с площади каждого типа болотных микроформ. В нашей работе представлены результаты исследования, направленного на развитие методов картографирования болотных микроландшафтов и оценки интегральных потоков CO₂ между поверхностью болота и атмосферой. На основе высокодетального ортофотоплана, полученного с использованием БПЛА была выполнена оценка площади основных групп микроформ (топи, мочажины, гряды) верхового болота, расположенного на территории Центрально-Лесного государственного природного биосферного заповедника (Европейская часть России). Точность классификации составила от 79% до 93%. Площадь гряд, мочажин и топей составили 0.16 км², 0.32 км² и 0.12 км², соответственно. Для интегральной оценки потоков CO₂ были использованы проведенные ранее измерения эмиссии (R), депонирования (GEE) и баланса (NEE) CO₂ методом почвенных камер на репрезентативных экспериментальных площадках, соответствующих типам микроформ. После пересчета потоков на площади микроформ, интегральные значения для различных классов за летние сезоны 2014, 2016 и 2017 гг. составили 15–91 кг CO₂ × ч^-1 для R, 21–190 кг CO₂ × ч^-1 для GEE и от -122 кг CO₂ × ч^-1 до 41 кг CO₂ × ч^-1 для NEE. Результаты проведенного исследования подтвердили, что использование высокодетальных ортофотопланов, полученных с помощью БПЛА позволяет с довольно высокой точностью выделить границы таких микроформ верхового болота как топи, мочажины и гряды, несмотря на наличие некоторых ошибок в классификации. Обнаружено, что в отдельных случаях микроландшафты с низкими относительными значениями потоков, но большой площадью охвата являются доминантами при интегральных оценках. Показано, что исследование структурно-функциональной организации верхового болота необходимо проводить с учетом ее сезонной и межгодовой динамики с четким разделением типов микроформ.

CO₂, беспилотный летательный аппарат, метод камер, микротопография, пространственная неоднородность, торфяник, уровень грунтовых вод

Поступила: 28.09.2020. Исправлена: 28.01.2021. Принята к опубликованию: 31.01.2021.

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