| Аннотация |
В статье приводится актуальный номенклатурный список таксонов семейства Orchidaceae Черноморского побережья Краснодарского края, с уточнением их таксономического статуса. На исследуемой территории нам достоверно известны местонахождения 51 таксона (41 вида и 11 подвидов), а также 10 гибридов. Из них пять таксонов не встречаются больше нигде в России: Cephalanthera epipactoides, Epipactis euxina (узкоареальный эндемик), E. leptochila subsp. neglecta, E. pontica, Serapias orientalis subsp. feldwegiana. Два таксона незначительно выходят за границы исследуемой территории: Epipactis condensata и Ophrys mammosa subsp. caucasica. Приведены сведения о гибридных таксонах орхидей. Для каждого таксона даны сведения по распространению, встречаемости и приуроченности к фитоценозам. Большинство таксонов в той или иной степени представлены в лесных сообществах. Только восемь видов, приурочены к травяным сообществам и экотоным местообитаниям. Девятнадцать таксонов находят благоприятные условия существования в антропогенно нарушенных местообитаниях, предпочитая просеки под опорами ЛЭП, обочины лесных дорог, залежи, сенокосные луга и даже дендропарки. Представлены данные о новых местонахождениях и сведения о состоянии находящихся в критическом состоянии и исчезающих видов орхидей Черноморского побережья Краснодарского края. Три вида, Anacamptis coriophora, Dactylorhiza incarnata и Epipactis palustris, исчезли с исследуемой территории, возможно, этому способствовала человеческая деятельность. Состояние региональных популяций десяти таксонов вызывает опасения их сохранения на територии Черноморского побережья Краснодарского края. Семь таксонов находятся критическом состоянии: Anacamptis laxiflora subsp. dielsiana, Cephalanthera epipactoides, Dactylorhiza viridis, Epipactis condensata, E. euxina, Neotinea ustulata, Ophrys apifera и Himantoglossum comperianum. Риск исчезновения этих видов с территории исследования очень высок. Еще 3 таксона можно охарактеризовать, как исчезающие виды: Himantoglossum caprinum, Ophrys mammosa subsp. caucasica, Orchis militaris subsp. stevenii. Обозначены проблемы сохранения видового разнообразия орхидей на исследуемой территории. Авторы убеждены, что наиболее эффективным методом охраны орхидей на Черноморском побережье Краснодарского края является дальнейшее развитие сети ООПТ, прежде всего за счет создания региональных ООПТ – природных парков и памятников природы, а также ООПТ местного значения. |
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