| Authors |
Anna А. Novichkova, PhD, Researcher of the Department of General Ecology and Hydrobiology in the Lomonosov Moscow State University (119192, Russia, Moscow, Leninskie Gory Street, 1/12); Researcher of the Laboratory of Ecology of Aquatic Communities and Invasions in the A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS (119071, Russia, Moscow, Leninsky Prospect, 33); e-mail: anna.hydro@gmail.com
Elena S. Chertoprud, PhD, Leading scientifical researcher of the Department of General Ecology and Hydrobiology in the Lomonosov Moscow State University (119192, Russia, Moscow, Leninskie Gory Street, 1/12); Leading engineer of the Laboratory of Synecology Invasions in the A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS (119071, Russia, Moscow, Leninsky Prospect, 33); e-mail: horsax@mail.ru |
| Abstract |
High-latitude aquatic ecosystems and the communities inhabiting them are the key sites for environmental research and observations of global climate changes. Due to their specific traits, they are highly sensitive to any external effects and respond immediately to stressors. Monitoring the state of communities of invertebrates of such water bodies is one of the most relevant areas of Arctic research. Wrangel Island is a unique natural area that combines high-latitudinal conditions, endemism and specificity of insular fauna, as well as local features of its biogeographic position in the zone of interaction of Palearctic and Nearctic biota. This kind of research is an integral part of the investigations carried out on the island. However, the composition of the aquatic invertebrates of the island is very poorly studied. The current paper presents new data on the crustaceans of inland water bodies of the Wrangel Island State Nature Reserve (Chukotka, Russia). There are 17 species previously unknown for this territory. Analysis of the influence of environmental factors on the community structure of crustaceans has revealed the most important of them: the type of bottom sediment, size of the water bodies, the area of research and seasonality. Lakes with an area of more than 100 m2 and with a silt or clay bottom were dominated by large (more than 0.7 mm) Copepoda of the order Calanoida: Diaptomus, Arctodiaptomus, Leptodiaptomus, Heterocope, Eurytemora, and Cladocera: Daphnia cf. middendorfiana. In thermocarst lakes, rich in detritus with size less than 50 m2, were abundant small (less than 0.5 mm) members of Copepoda orders Cyclopoida and Harpacticoida. The seasonal variability of the zooplankton community structure was clearly expressed. During spring a complex of bento-plankton species with a minimal number of species was prevalent (at average 5 species). At the end of June, the juvenile stages of the copepods dominate, cladocerans appear, and the total species richness increased 4 times (20-24 species). In the middle of the summer in all water bodies there were numerous adult copepods and cladocerans. By the beginning of August, the diversity and abundance of copepods began to decline, against the background of the unchanged composition of mass species of Cladocera. Two main types of communities are allocated that maintain an interannual stability. The first one is dominated by Calanoida and branchiopods, the second one by representatives of Daphnia and Chydorus. It is noted that although the genera composition of crustaceans in water bodies hardly changes from year to year, the composition of species has been subject to significant variability. It is shown that the structure of zooplankton communities in Arctic water bodies is primarily determined by two types of environmental filters: local, related to the specificity of the water body due to the history of its formation, and seasonality. |
| References |
Aanes R., Sæther B.E., Smith F.M., Cooper E.J., Wookey P.A., Øritsland N.A. 2002. The Arctic oscillation predicts effects of climate change in two trophic levels in a high arctic ecosystem. Ecology Letters 5(3): 445–453. DOI: 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2002.00340.x
Abramova E., Tuschling K. 2005. A 12-year study of the seasonal and interannual dynamics of mesozooplankton in the Laptev Sea: Significance of salinity regime and life cycle patterns. Global Planet Change 48(1–3): 141–164. DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2004.12.010
Alekseev V., Defaye D. 2011. Taxonomic differentiation and world geographical distribution of the Eucyclops serrulatus group (Copepoda, Cyclopidae, Eucyclopinae). In: Studies on freshwater Copepoda: a volume in honour of Bernard Dussart. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. P. 41–72. DOI: 10.1163/9789004188280_003
Alekseev V., Dumont H.J., Baribwegure J.P.D., Vanfleteren J.R. 2006. A redescription of Eucyclops serrulatus (Fischer, 1851) (Crustacea: Copepoda: Cyclopoida) and some related taxa, with a phylogeny of the E. serrulatus-group. Zoologica Scripta 35(2): 123–147. DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00223.x
Alekseev V.R., Tsalolichin S.Ya. (Eds.). 2010. Guide of freshwater zooplankton and zoobenthos of European Russia. Vol. 1: Zooplankton. Moscow: KMK Scientific Press Ltd. 494 p. [In Russian]
Bekker E.I., Kotov A.A. 2016. A revision of the subgenus Eurycercus (Teretifrons) Frey, 1975 (Crustacea: Cladocera) in the Holarctic with description of a new species from Russian Arctic. Zootaxa 4147(4): 351–376. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4147.4.1
Bekker E.I., Novichkova A.A., Kotov A.A. 2014. New findings of Eurycercus Baird, 1843 (Cladocera: Anomopoda) in the Eastern Palaearctic. Zootaxa 3895(2): 297–300. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3895.2.11
Bogorov V.G. 1927. To the methods of the zooplankton processing. Russian Hydrobiological Journal 6(8–10): 193–198. [In Russian]
Borutskiy E.V. 1952. Freshwater Harpacticoids. In: Fauna USSR. Vol. 3: Crustacea. Moscow – Leningrad: Publisher of AS USSR. P. 1–425. [In Russian]
Borutskiy E.V., Stepanova L.A., Kos M.S. 1991. Key to identification of freshwater Calanoida. St. Petersburg: Nauka. 503 p. [In Russian]
Brtek J., Mura G. 2000. Revised key to families and genera of the Anostraca with notes on their geographical distribution. Crustaceana 73(9): 1037–1088. DOI: 10.1163/156854000505083
Chertoprud E.S., Frenkel S.E., Kim K., Lee W. 2015. Harpacticoida (Copepoda) of the northern East Sea (the Sea of Japan) and the southern Sea of Okhotsk: diversity, taxocenes, and biogeographical aspects. Journal of Natural History 49(45–48): 2869–2890. DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1056268
Chertoprud E.S., Garlitskaya L.A., Azovsky A.I. 2010. Large-scale patterns in marine harpacticoid (Crustacea, Copepoda) diversity and distribution. Marine Biodiversity 40(4): 301–315. DOI: 10.1007/s12526-010-0054-z
Clarke K.R., Gorley R.N. 2015. Getting started with PRIMER v7. PRIMER-E: Plymouth, Plymouth Marine Laboratory. 20 p.
Clément M., Moore C.G. 1995. A revision of the genus Halectinosoma (Harpacticoida: Ectinosomatidae): a reappraisal of H. sarsi (Boeck) and related species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 114(3): 247–306. DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1995.tb00118.x
Dussart B.H. 1967. Les copepodes des eaux continentales d'Europe occidentale (vol. 1). Calanoïdes et Harpacticoïdes. Paris: Boubee et Cie. 500 p.
Dussart B.H., Defaye D. 1983. Répertoire mondial des Crustacés Copépodes des eaux intérieures. Calanoïdes. Paris: CNRS Bordeaux. 224 p.
Fefilova E.B. 2015. Copepoda. Fauna of the European north-east of Russia. Vol. 12. Moscow: KMK Scientific Press Ltd. 319 p. [In Russian]
Fiers F., Kotwicki L. 2013. The multiple faces of Nannopus palustris auct. reconsidered: a morphological approach (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Nannopodidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger 253(1): 36– 65. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2013.08.001
Garlitska L.A., Azovsky A.I. 2016. Benthic harpacticoid copepods of the Yenisei Gulf and the adjacent shallow waters of the Kara Sea. Journal of Natural History 50(47–48): 2941–2959. DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1219410
Gromov L.V. 1960. The Shard of Ancient Beringia. Moscow – Leningrad: Geografgis. 96 p. [In Russian]
Hann B.G. 2011. Redescription of Eurycercus (Teretifrons) glacialis (Cladocera, Chydoridae), and description of a new species, E. (T.) nigracanthus, from Newfoundland, Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology 68(10): 2146–2157. DOI: 10.1139/z90-298
Jacobsen D., Dangles O., 2012. Environmental harshness and global richness patterns in glacier-fed streams. Global Ecology and Biogeography 21(6): 647–656. DOI: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2011.00699.x
Jensen T., Walseng B., Hessen D.O., Dimante-Deimantovica I., Novichkova A., Chertoprud E., Chertoprud M., Sakharova E., Krylov A., Frisch D., Christoffersen K.S. 2019. Changes in trophic state and biodiversity in high Arctic ponds in response to increasing goose populations. Freshwater Biology 64(7): 1241–1254. DOI: 10.1111/fwb.13299
Kachinskiy N.А. 1958. Mechanical and microaggregate composition of the soil, methods for study. Moscow: AS USSR. 193 p. [In Russian]
Kornev P.N., Chertoprud Е.S. 2008. Copepoda of the order Harpacticoida of the White Sea fauna: Morphology, Systematics, Ecology. Moscow: KMK Scientific Press Ltd. 379 p. [In Russian]
Kotov A.A., Ishida S., Taylor D.J. 2009. Revision of the genus Bosmina Baird, 1845 (Cladocera: Bosminidae), based on evidence from male morphological characters and molecular phylogenies. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 156(1): 1–51. DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00475.x
Lang K. 1948. Monographie der Harpacticiden. Vol. 1. Vol. 2. Stockholm: Nordiska Bokhandeln. 1682 p.
Lavrushin V.Yu., Gruzdev A.R. 2012. The salt composition of rivers in Wrangel Island. Lithology and Mineral Resources 47(1): 1–17. DOI: 10.1134/S0024490211060101
Novichkova A.A., Azovsky A.I. 2017. Factors affecting regional diversity and distribution of freshwater microcrustaceans (Cladocera, Copepoda) at high latitudes. Polar Biology 40(1): 185–198. DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2019.1704587
Novichkova A.A., Chertoprud E.S. 2015. Fauna of microcrustaceans (Cladocera: Copepoda) of shallow freshwater ecosystems of Wrangel Island (Russian Far East). Journal of Natural History 49(45–48): 2955–2968. DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1056269
Novichkova A.A., Chertoprud E.S. 2016. The freshwater crustaceans (Cladocera: Copepoda) of Bering Island (Commander Islands, Russian Far East): species richness and taxocene structure. Journal of Natural History 50(21–22): 1357–1368. DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1113319
Novichkova A.A., Chertoprud E.S. 2017. Cladocera and Copepoda of Shokalsky Island: new data from Northwest Siberia. Journal of Natural History 51(29–30): 1781–1793. DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2017.1355077
Novichkova A.A., Chertoprud E.S., Gíslason G.M. 2014. Freshwater Crustacea (Cladocera, Copepoda) of Iceland: taxonomy, ecology, and biogeography. Polar Biology 37(12): 1755–1767. DOI: 10.1007/s00300-014-1559-x
Novichkova A.A., Kotov A.A., Chertoprud E.S. 2020. Freshwater crustaceans of Bykovsky Peninsula and neighboring territory (Northern Yakutia, Russia). Arthropoda Selecta 29(1): 1755–1767. DOI: 10.15298/arthsel
Rogers D.C., Kotov A.A., Sinev A.Y., Glagolev S.M., Korovchinsky N.M., Smirnov N.N., Bekker E.I. 2019. Chapter 16.2. Arthropoda: Class Branchiopoda. In: C.D. Rogers, J.H. Thorp (Eds.): Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates: Vol. 4: Keys to Palaearctic Fauna. London etc.: Academic Press. P. 643–724. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-385024-9.00018-6
Rylov V.M. 1948. Cyclopoida of the freshwaters. In: Fauna of USSR. Vol. 2: Crustacea. Moscow – Leningrad: AS USSR. P. 1–319. [In Russian]
Samchyshyna L., Hansson L.-A., Christoffersen K. 2008. Patterns in the distribution of Arctic freshwater zooplankton related to glaciation history. Polar Biology 31(12): 1427–1435. DOI: 10.1007/s00300-008-0482-4
Sinev A.Y. 1999. Alona werestschagini sp. n., new species of genus Alona Baird, 1843, related to A. guttata Sars, 1862 (Anomopoda, Chydoridae). Arthropoda Selecta 8(1): 23–30.
Smirnov N.N. 1971. Chydoridae of the world fauna. In: Fauna USSR. Vol. 1: Crustaceans (Crustacea). Leningrad: Nauka. P. 1–532. [In Russian]
Smirnov N.N. 1995. Check-list of the Australian Cladocera (Crustacea). Arthropoda Selecta 4: 3–6.
Smirnov N.N. 1996. Cladocera: the Chydorinae and Sayciinae (Chydoridae) of the world. Guides to the Identification of the Microinvertebrates of the Continental Waters of the World 11 SPB. Amsterdam: Acad. Publ. 151 p.
Stishov M.S. 2004. Wrangel Island – a standard of nature and a natural anomaly. Yoshkar-Ola: Mariysky Poligrafcombinat. 596 p. [In Russian]
Streletskaya E.A. 2010. Review of the fauna of Rotatoria, Cladocera, and Copepoda of the basin of the Anadyr' River. Contemporary Problems of Ecology 3(4): 469–480. DOI: 10.1134/S1995425510040119
Vincent W.F., Hobbie J.E. 2019. Chapter 8. Ecology of Arctic Lakes and Rivers. In: M. Nuttall, T. Callaghan (Eds.): Arctic: Environment, People, Policies. UK: Harwood Academic Publishers. P. 197–231.
Walseng B., Jensen T., Dimante-Deimantovica I., Christoffersen K.S., Chertoprud M., Chertoprud E., Novichkova A., Hessen D.O. 2018. Freshwater diversity in Svalbard: providing baseline data for ecosystems in change. Polar Biology 41(10): 1995–2005. DOI: 10.1007/s00300-018-2340-3
Yashnov V.A. 1935. Fauna of brackish water bodies of Wrangel Island. Proceedings of the State Oceanographic Institute 22: 119–134. [In Russian] |
