Статья

Джееван Дананжайа Коттава-Араччи, PhD, научный сотрудник отдела гибридизации растений в Институте исследования чая Шри Ланки (Талавакелле, Шри Ланка); e-mail: jeevan1188@yahoo.com
Р. Саманта Гунасекара, Охрана природы Шри-Ланки (209/3 Анагарика Дхармапала Мавата, Дехивала, Шри Ланка).

Kottawa-Arachchi J.D., Gunasekara R.S. 2020. Research priorities and future directions in conservation of wild orchids in Sri Lanka: a review // Nature Conservation Research. Vol. 5(Suppl.1). P. 34–45. https://dx.doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2020.029

Вместе с Западными Гатами Шри-Ланка является «горячей точкой биоразнообразия» среди 35 регионов, известных во всем мире. Принимая во внимание орхидеи Шри-Ланки, 70.6% видов орхидей, включая 84% эндемиков, классифицируются как угрожаемые. Распространение представителей семейства Orchidaceae, в основном, коррелирует с характером распределения основных биоклиматических зон, который определяется количеством и интенсивностью осадков и высотой над уровнем моря. Ухудшение и деградация среды обитания, уничтожение растительного покрова, преднамеренные лесные пожары и распространение инвазионных чужеземных видов представляют собой серьезную угрозу для аборигенных видов. Незаконный сбор и экспорт местных видов – еще одна тревожная проблема последних десятилетий. Охрана аборигенных видов, повышение осведомленности местного населения, соблюдение законодательства и внедрение новых методов размножения, несомненно, окажут благотворное влияние на флору аборигенных орхидей. Проведение информационно-просветительских программ, укрепление существующих законов и анализ правовых рамок, касающихся местной флоры орхидей, может иметь жизненно важное значение для их сохранения в будущем. Помимо выявления новых видов и их распространения, подчеркивается значимость дальнейших исследований химических и физических параметров почв в местах обитания, изучения ассоциаций растений наземных орхидей, фенологических особенностей и взаимодействий опылителей, ассоциаций с микоризой, воздействия инвазионных чужеземных видов и воздействия изменения климата.

изменение климата, исчезающие виды, незаконная эксплуатация, осведомленность, сохранение биоразнообразия

Поступила: 24.03.2020. Исправлена: 22.05.2020. Принята к опубликованию: 29.05.2020.

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