Статья

Ирина Анатольевна Кириллова, к.б.н., н.с. отдела флоры и растительности Севера Института биологии Коми НЦ УрО РАН (167982, г. Сыктывкар, Россия, ул. Коммунистическая, 28); e-mail: kirillova_orchid@mail.ru
Дмитрий Валерьевич Кириллов, к.б.н., н.с. лаборатории компьютерных технологий и моделирования Института биологии Коми НЦ УрО РАН (167982, г. Сыктывкар, Россия, ул. Коммунистическая, 28); e-mail: kirdimka@mail.ru

Kirillova I.A., Kirillov D.V. 2020. Impact of weather conditions on seasonal development, population structure and reproductive success on Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Orchidaceae) in the Komi Republic (Russia) // Nature Conservation Research. Vol. 5(Suppl.1). P. 77–89. https://dx.doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2020.016

Виды семейства Orchidaceae, вследствие специфических особенностей своей биологии, высокой декоративности и слабой устойчивости к антропогенным факторам, являются одними из самых уязвимых компонентов флоры. Для успешного сохранения этих редких растений необходимы всесторонние исследования их биологии и экологии, особенно ценны в этом отношении долгосрочные демографические исследования. В статье представлены результаты мониторинга редкой орхидеи, включенной в Красную книгу Российской Федерации – Dactylorhiza traunsteineri на территории Республики Коми, где вид находится на северо-восточном пределе своего распространения. Сезонное развитие вида в регионе длится с мая по август. Выявлено, что погодные факторы (температура воздуха и осадки) оказывают влияние на особенности прохождения малого и большого жизненного цикла этого вида. На размеры растений влияют погодные условия текущего и предыдущего вегетационных периодов. Количество генеративных особей в популяции оказалось положительно связано с температурой и влажностью августа предыдущего вегетационного периода. Эффективность опыления D. traunsteineri – высокая (50.4%), при этом она отрицательно связана с температурой в период цветения и положительно – с количеством осадков. Число семян, содержащееся в коробочке данного вида (в среднем 4090 шт.), выше, чем у других представителей рода Dactylorhiza в регионе. Реальная семенная продуктивность связана с уровнем влагообеспеченности вегетационного периода. Урожай семян D. traunsteineri – высокий, от 88 000 до 199 000 семян на 1 м² в разные годы исследования. Присутствие ювенильных особей (3.5–9.4%) во все годы изучения свидетельствует об успешном семенном возобновлении в данной популяции, оно оказалось положительно связано с тремя факторами: осадками, температурой августа и урожаем семян предшествующего вегетационного периода.

влияние климата, завязываемость плодов, мониторинг, орхидные, семенная продуктивность, структура популяции

Поступила: 23.12.2019. Исправлена: 20.03.2020. Принята к опубликованию: 23.03.2020.

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