Статья

Александр Борисович Ручин, д.б.н., доцент, директор ФГБУ «Заповедная Мордовия» (430011, Россия, Республика Мордовия, г. Саранск, пер. Дачный, д. 4); e-mail: ruchin.alexander@gmail.com
Сергей Константинович Алексеев, Экологический клуб «Stenus» (Россия).
Анатолий Александрович Хапугин, к.б.н., с.н.с. Объединенной дирекции Мордовского государственного природного заповедника имени П.Г. Смидовича и национального парка "Смольный" (430011, Россия, Республика Мордовия, г. Саранск, пер. Дачный, д. 4); н.с. Тюменского государственного университета; e-mail: hapugin88@yandex.ru.

Ruchin A.B., Alekseev S.K., Khapugin A.A. 2019. Post-fire fauna of carabid beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in forests of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve (Russia) // Nature Conservation Research. Vol. 4(Suppl.1). P. 11–20. https://dx.doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2019.009

Пожары являются одними из основных экологических факторов, изменяющих местообитания и инициирующие сукцессии новых лесных сообществ. Пожарища являются эфемерными местообитаниями, представляющими широкий спектр экологических ниш, которые могут использовать многие виды насекомых. В 2016 г. нами была изучена карабидофауна (Carabidae, Coleoptera) в пострадавших от пожара сосновых лесах Мордовского государственного заповедника (Европейская Россия). Шестьдесят видов жужелиц были собраны в трех типах местообитаний: на несгоревшем участке (контроль), на участке, поврежденном верховым пожаром, и на участке, пострадавшем от низового пожара. По сравнению с контрольным участком карабидофауна пожарищ характеризовалась более высокой численностью особей и видовым разнообразием, в то время как на несгоревшем участке динамическая плотность была значительно выше. Это было связано с чрезвычайно высокой динамической плотностью Carabus arcensis на контрольном участке, в то время как на пожарищах этот показатель был ниже в десять раз. Видовое разнообразие имело тенденцию к увеличению в следующей последовательности: несгоревший лес – лес, поврежденный низовым пожаром – лес, поврежденный верховым пожаром. Видовые составы жужелиц были ожидаемо более схожими между участками, поврежденными верховым и низовым пожарами, в то время как была показана значительная разница между составами жужелиц на контрольном участке и участке, поврежденном верховым пожаром. Все виды жужелиц были разделены на две группы трофических групп – зоофагов и фитофагов. В составе обеих трофических групп видовое разнообразие увеличивалось в последовательности от несгоревшего участка до участка леса, пострадавшего от верхового пожара. Наконец, динамическая плотность некоторых видов жужелиц (например, Poecilus lepidus, P. versicolor, Harpalus tardus, H. rufipes, H. rubripes, Cicindela sylvatica) значительно увеличилась после воздействия пожара, в то время как значение этого показателя снизилось для большинства других видов. Наши результаты показали, что уничтожение пожаром древостоя может способствовать поддержанию численности некоторых видов жужелиц, то есть более крупный лесной пожар увеличивает видовое богатство фауны жесткокрылых. Наибольшая динамическая плотность жужелиц поддерживалась благодаря нескольким видам (например, Carabus arcensis, C. hortensis, Pterostichus oblongopunctatus).

видовой состав, динамическая плотность, насекомые, пожар, сила пожара, трофическая группа

Поступила: 18.11.2018. Исправлена: 23.01.2019. Принята к опубликованию: 27.01.2019.

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