Статья

Иван Викторович Башинский, к.б.н., н.с., лаборатория экологии водных сообществ и инвазий Института проблем экологии и эволюции им. А.Н. Северцова РАН (119071, Россия, Москва, Ленинский проспект, 33); e-mail: ivbash@mail.ru
Виталий Викторович Осипов, к.б.н., с.н.с., Государственный природный заповедник Приволжская лесостепь (440031, Россия, Пенза, ул. Окружная, д. 12А); e-mail: osipovv@mail.ru

Bashinskiy I.V., Osipov V.V. 2018. Distribution and dynamic of Castor fiber (Castoridae, Mammalia) population in forest-steppe rivers: a case of the State Nature Reserve Privolzhskaya Lesostep', Penza region, European Russia // Nature Conservation Research. Vol. 3(Suppl.2). P. 110–115. https://dx.doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2018.068

В работе представлены первые результаты ежегодного мониторинга популяции бобров на территории Островцовской лесостепи (Государственный природный заповедник Приволжская лесостепь). В 2014–2017 годах были обследованы все водотоки и водоемы, в том числе р. Хопер, р. Селимутка, р. Южная и несколько стариц. Учеты бобров проводили дважды в год с использованием метода оценки мощности поселения. Средння плотность плотин составлял 7.7 дамб на 1 км русла, максимальная наблюдалась р. Южная – 10.8, и минимальная на р. Селимутка – 5.5. За весь период наблюдалось от 10 до 13 бобровых поселений, общая численность бобров имела тенденцию к снижению (с 42 до 30 животных). Современная плотность бобров и недостаток кормовых ресурсов лимитирует дальнейшее увеличение численности вида.

малые реки, обыкновенный бобр, особо охраняемая природная территория, экосистемный мониторинг

Поступила в редакцию: 23.04.2018

Albov S.A., Andreeva M.V., Bashinskiy I.V., Golubkov V.V., Katsman E.A., Goriaynova Z.I., Krylov A.V., Onipchenko V.G., Prokin A.A., Khlyap L.A. 2012. European beaver (Castor fiber L.) as a key species of a small river ecosystem (Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Biosphere Reserve). Moscow: KMK Scientific Press Ltd. 150 p. [In Russian]
Antipov V.V. 2012. Influence food supply activity of beaver (Castor fiber L.) on water-front forest in the forest-steppe and stepp zones on the example of the Samara and Orenburg regions. Proceedings of Samara Scientific Centre RAS 14(1–1): 181–185. [In Russian]
Antonets N.V. 2009. Modern state of the beaver population in Dnipropetrovsk region. In: Biodiversity and the role of animals in ecosystems: Materials of the V International Scientific Conference. Dnipropetrovsk: Lira. P. 316–317. [In Russian]
Bashinskiy I.V., Osipov V.V. 2016. Beavers in Russian forest-steppe – characteristics of ponds and their impact on fishes and amphibians. Russian Journal of Theriology 15(1): 34–42. DOI: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.15.1.06
Baytanaev O.A., Cherepanov A.P., Savinkov R.V., Goncharov M.V., Bogoley O.B. 2010. European beaver (Castor fiber L., 1758) in Eastern Kazakhstan. Bulletin of KazNU. Biology series 2(44): 72–75. [In Russian]
Baytanaev O.A., Gogel A.A., Zhadrasinov R.A., Abayev O.J. 2011. European beaver (Castor fiber L., 1758) in Aktyubinsk region. Experimental Biology 47(1): 62–65. [In Russian]
Borisov B.P. 1986. Methodic guidance for counting beaver number on large territories. Moscow: VNIL Glavokhoty RSFSR. 20 p. [In Russian]
Borisov B.P., Baranov V.N. 2018. European Beaver. In: Status of hunting resources in the Russian Federation in 2008–2013. FGBU Centrokhotcontrol. Available from http://www.ohotcontrol.ru/resource/Resources_2008-2013/Resources_2008-2013.php [In Russian]
Brozdnyakov V.V. 2005. The forming of beavers population (Castor fiber L.) in Samara region and evaluation of trophic factor effect. Vestnik SamGU – Natural science series 2(36): 222–230. [In Russian]
Brozdnyakov V.V., Shestun K.V. 2005. Impact of foraging factor on beaver (Castor fiber) population of Samara region. Bulletin Samarskaya Luka 16: 214–226. [In Russian]
Busher P.E., Lyons P.J. 1999. Long-Term Population Dynamics of The North American Beaver Castor Canadensis on Quabbin Reservation, Massachusetts, and Sagehen Creek, California. In: P.E. Busher, R.M. Dzięciołowski (Eds.): Beaver Protection, Management, and Utilization in Europe and North America. Boston: Springer. P. 147–160. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4781-5_16
Čanády A., Krišovský P., Bajomi B., Huber A., Czabán D., Olekšák M. 2016. Is new spread of the European beaver in Pannonian basin an evidence of the species recovery? European Journal of Ecology 2(2): 44–63. DOI: 10.1515/eje-2016-0015
Dieter C., McCabe T. 1989. Factors Influencing Beaver Lodge-site Selection on a Prairie River. American Midland Naturalist 122(2): 408–411. DOI: 10.2307/2425928
Dobrolyubov A.N. 2012. Fauna of mammals of Ostrovtsovskaya Lesostep'. Proceedings of the State Nature Reserve Privolzhskaya Lesostep' 2: 245–247. [In Russian]
Dyakov Y.V. 1975. Beavers of European part of Soviet Union. Moscow: Moskovskiy rabochiy. 480 p. [In Russian]
Emelyanov A.V., Kireev A.A., Starkov K.A., Zotov D.A., Bakumenko D.V., Chernova N.A. 2008. Results of studying of beaver population in the national park «Voroninsky» and adjoining territories. Tambov University Reports. Series: Natural and Technical Sciences 13(4): 295–300. [In Russian]
Halley D.J., Rossel F., Saveljev A.P. 2012. Population and Distribution of Eurasian Beaver. Baltic Forestry 18(1): 168–175.
Hood G.A., Bayley S.E. 2008. Beaver (Castor canadensis) mitigate the effects of climate on the area of open water in boreal wetlands in western Canada. Biological Conservation 141(2): 556–567. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2007.12.003
Kireev A.A., Emelyanov A.V. 2014. Analysis of quality of beaver settlements bed type in forest-steppe zone. Tambov University Reports. Series: Natural and Technical Sciences 19(1): 275–280. [In Russian]
Kudryavtsev A.Y. 2012. Dynamic of arboreous and fruticous communities of Ostrovtsovskaya Lesostep'. Proceedings of the State Nature Reserve Privolzhskaya Lesostep' 2: 140–158. [In Russian]
Naiman R.J., Johnston C.A., Kelley J.C. 1988. Alteration of North American Streams by Beaver. BioScience 38(11): 753–762. DOI: 10.2307/1310784
Nevorotov A.I., Novikova L.A. 2012. Physico-geographical conditions of Ostrovtsovksaya Lesostep'. Proceedings of the State Nature Reserve Privolzhskaya Lesostep' 2: 7–10. [In Russian]
Olson D.M., Dinerstein E., Wikramanayake E.D., Burgess N.D., Powell G.V.N., Underwood E.C., D'Amico J.A., Itoua I., Strand H.E., Morrison J.C., Loucks C.J., Allnutt T.F., Ricketts T.H., Kura Y., Lamoreux J.F., Wettengel W.W., Hedao P., Kassem K.R. 2001. Terrestrial ecoregions of the world: a new map of life on Earth. Bioscience 51(11): 933–938. DOI: 10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0933:TEOTWA]2.0.CO;2
Pașca C., Ionescu G., Sârbu G., Vișan D. 2013. Evaluation of habitats and estimation of population number of beaver (Castor fiber) in Romania. Revista de Silvicultură și Cinegetică 18(33): 121–125.
Petrosyan V.G., Golubkov V.V., Zavyalov N.A., Goryainova Z.I., Dergunova N.N., Omelchenko A.V., Bessonov S.A., Albov S.A., Marchenko N.F., Khlyap L.A. 2016. Patterns of population dynamics of Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber L.) after reintroduction into nature reserves of the European part of Russia. Russian Journal of Biological Invasions 7(4): 355–373. DOI: 10.1134/S2075111716040068
Rusanov N.V. 2015. Population dynamic of beavers (Castor fiber L.) of Kursk region and its impact on ecology. In: Biological diversity as the basis for the existence and functioning of natural and artificial ecosystems. Voronezh: Istoki. P. 125–128. [In Russian]
Stakheev V.V., Shmatko V.Y., Panasyuk N.V., Kleshchenkov A.V. 2018. Current status of population and ecological peculiarities of the eurasian beaver Castor fiber L. in Rostov region. South of Russia: Ecology, Development 13(2): 196–202. DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2018-2-196-202
Swenson J., Knapp S., Martin P., Hinz T. 1983. Reliability of Aerial Cache Surveys to Monitor Beaver Population Trends on Prairie Rivers in Montana. Journal of Wildlife Management 47(3): 697–703. DOI: 10.2307/3808605
Tokarsky V.A., Volokh A.M., Tokarskaya N.V., Skorobogatov Y.V. 2012. Renewal of beaver (Castor fiber L.) population in Left-Bank Ukraine. Journal of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. Series: Biology 16(1035): 114–124. [In Russian]
Trbojevic I., Trbojevic T. 2016. Distribution and population growth of Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber Linnaeus, 1758) in Bosnia and Herzegovina 10 years after reintroduction. Glasnik Šumarskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Banjoj Luci 25: 51–60. DOI: 10.7251/GSF1625051T
Tyutina Y.V. 2010. Beavers (Castor fiber) spreading and their impact on the hydro-ecosystems of the national park «Orenburgsky». Izvestia of the state Orenburg agrarian university 1 (25-1): 180–182. [In Russian]
Ustabayeva Y.V. 2013. Regional ecological features of beaver population and its impact on steppe biogeocoenoses of Orenburg region. PhD Thesis. Moscow. 124 p. [In Russian]
Volokh A.M. 2011. Beaver introduction in southern regions of Ukraine. In: IX Meeting of Theriological Society of RAS «Theriofauna of Russian Federation and neighboring territories». Moscow: KMK Scientific Press Ltd. P. 102. [In Russian]
Zavyalov N.A., Letsko I.V. 2006. The European beaver (Castor fiber L.) in Rdeysky Reserve and in adjacent territories (NW Russia). In: Abstracts of 4^th European Beaver Symposium / 3^rd Euro-American Beaver Congress (Freising, Germany). Freising, Germany. P. 70.
Zharkov I.V., Sokolov V.Y. 1967. European beaver (Castor fiber Linnaeus, 1758) in the USSR. Acta Theriologica 12(3): 27–46. DOI: 10.4098/AT.arch.67-3