| Аннотация |
Была проведена оценка репрезентативности биотопов и бентосных сообществ северо-западного участка природного заповедника Утриш для северокавказского побережья Черного моря. Для осуществления поставленной цели были привлечены как собственные, так и литературные данные по состоянию бентоса. Изученный район природного заповедника Утриш включает местообитания, обычные для побережья в целом (активный клиф, узкий галечный пляж, валунно-глыбовые навалы, бенч и рыхлые осадки). Из трех широко известных черноморских поясных макрозообентосных биоценозов на северо-восточном побережье Черного моря было отмечено только два: мелководный «венусовый песок» и глубоководный «фазеолиновый ил». Третий биоценоз («мидиевый ил») не был отмечен ни на акватории заповедника, ни на обследованной части шельфа южнее Новороссийска. Из этих трех поясов только «венусовый песок» был отмечен на акватории природного заповедника Утриш. Отсутствие мидиевого пояса на исследованной акватории заповедника было типичным явлением для южной части северокавказского побережья в современный период, и, таким образом, не оказывало влияния на репрезентативность бентосных экосистем заповедника. Биоценоз двустворчатых моллюсков Pitar rudis – Gouldia minima был обычен на заиленных песках с ракушью как в заповеднике, так и на контрольных участках комплекса средних глубин, замещая мидиевый пояс, который был типичным в 20 в. Его граница проходила на 10 м глубже в заповеднике по сравнению с контрольными районами. Отсутствие пояса Modiolula phaseolina на акватории заповедника может объясняться недостаточной протяженностью охраняемой морской территории (только до 52 м по глубине); из-за этого глубоководный комплекс в заповеднике в настоящее время представлен только узкой зоной. Расширение границ заповедника до глубин 70 м позволит включить в охранную зону и этот биоценоз, что значительно повысит репрезентативность морской зоны заповедника для северокавказского побережья Черного моря. Биогеографический состав флоры заповедника, ее видовое разнообразие и структура в целом соответствуют таковым для региона. Зона макрофитов состоит из четырех поясов: верхний пояс (0–2 м, Dictyota fasciola f. repens + Polysiphonia opaca + Ceramium ciliatum + Ulva compressa), верхний горизонт среднего пояса (2–12 м, Cystoseira crinita + Cystoseira barbata – Cladostephus spongiosus – Ellisolandia elongata), нижний горизонт среднего пояса (12–18 м, Phyllophora crispa, Codium vermilara and Bonnemaisonia hamifera) и нижний пояс (глубже 18 м), образованный недавним вселенцем B. hamifera. Большинство видов, найденных в морской части заповедника, были обычными видами черноморского макрофитобентоса. Однако природный заповедник Утриш является более благоприятным местообитанием для макрофитов, чем другие районы северокавказского побережья, поскольку обычный для побережья макрофит Cystoseira spp. был отмечен в заповеднике на больших глубинах, чем на остальном шельфе. |
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