| Abstract |
Chemical element localisation was studied in Siberian fir tree crowns under different living conditions in the dark-forest biocoenosis of the Eastern Sayan. Research was conducted in the State Nature Reserve «Stolby» situated on the north-western spurs of the Eastern Sayan, and in the Bolshe-Kemchugskiy sanctuary situated in the Bolshoy Kemchug river basin. Siberian fir is characterised by a longitudinal gradient of sexualisation due to crown differentiation into four tiers: female generative, bisexual, male generative and asexual. The living status of the biocoenosis varied from 57.7 to 99.5. Drying of fir trees took place according to the «under the top» type characteristic for this species. Chlorosis, needle necrosis, growth depression and shoot drying are confined to the male generative and bisexual shoots, transitional from female to male. Regression analysis demonstrated that Siberian fir tree drying was accompanied by intensive damage by Melampsorella cerastii. In spite of morphological disturbances, the content of most elements in tree needles does not exceed the normal level in vegetation. Element localisation (N, Ca, S, Mg, Al, Mn, Fe, Zn, Sr, F, Ni, Pb, Cu, Co) in the tier of the crown of different sexes (female, male, vegetative) varied according to the living status of the biocoenosis. As a result of changes in the element content in needles, the ratios of biophilic and technogenic elements are disturbed. However, the content of potentially toxic elements (Al, Fe, Sr, F, Ni, Pb, Cu, Cd, Co) recorded in most parts of the samples lies within the normal range for plants. |
| References |
Alexeev V.A. 1989. Diagnostics of living conditions trees and stands. Russian Journal of Forest Science 4: 51–57. [In Russian]
Antonova B.I. (Ed.). 1989. Technique of fluoride revealing in biological material and mineral substances. Labs researches in veterinary science: chemical and toxicology methods. Moscow: Agropromizdat. 320 p. [In Russian]
Barakhtenova L.А. 1993. Influence of pollutants to substances exchange and Pinus sylvestris state in technogenic conditions. Dr. Sc. Thesis Abstract. Novosibirsk. 26 p. [In Russian]
Batraeva А.А. 1990. Sulphur content in Siberian fir needle as sign of atmosphere pollution. Geography and Natural Resources 3: 66–70. [In Russian]
Bazhina E. V., Tretyakova I.N. 2001. Towards a problem of Fir decline. Uspekhi Sovremennoy Biologii 121(6): 626–631. [In Russian]
Bazhina E.V., Zubareva O.N. 2005. Content of different nitrogen form in Siberian fir needle at decline. In: Natural and anthropogenic dynamics of lend ecosystems (11–15 October 2005). Irkutsk: Publisher of Irkutsk University. P. 523–525. [In Russian]
Bazhina E.V., Storozhev V.P., Tretyakova I.N. 2013. Dieback of Fir-Siberian Stone Pine Forests under Technogenic Pollution in the Kuznetsky Alatau Mountains. Russian Journal of Forest Science 2: 15–21. [In Russian]
Butorina T.N. 1961. To characteristics of forest-forming conditions of State Nature Reserve «Stolby». Proceeding of the State Nature Reserve «Stolby» 3: 249–282. [In Russian]
Chamberlain C.J. 1935. Gymnosperms. Structure and Evolution. Chicago: University Chicago Press. 484 p.
Chronicle of Nature of the State Nature Reserve «Stolby». Vol. 71. Krasnoyarsk, 2013. P. 18–25. [In Russian]
Chronicle of Nature of the State Nature Reserve «Stolby». Vol. 72. Krasnoyarsk, 2014. P. 156–161. [In Russian]
Ecological passport of the Kozulskiy district. 2017. Available from http://krasecology.ru/EcoPassport/Index/21. [In Russian]
Erunova M.G., Yakubaylik O.E., Gosteva А.А. 2008. Geoinformatiomal support of the tasks of ecological monitoring of protected areas. Journal of Siberian Federal University. Technique and technologies 1(4): 366–376. [In Russian]
Erunova M.G., Kadochnikov A.A., Yakubaylik O.E. 2018. Environment atlas of the State Nature Reserve «Stolby». Available from http://info.krasn.ru/stolby [In Russian]
Finer L. 1994. Variation in needle nutrient concentrations in the crown of Scot pine on peatlands. Sylva Fennica 28(1): 41–51. DOI: 10.14214/sf.a916
Forest Regulations of the Kazulskoe Forestry. Approved by Ministry of Natural Resources and forest complex of Krasnoyarsky Krai on 22.12.2008. No 123-o. 71 p. [In Russian]
Guderian R. 1979. Air pollution. Moscow: Mir. 200 p. [In Russian]
Ilyin V.B. 2012. Heavy metals and non-metals in a system soil – plant. Novosibirsk: Publisher of Siberian Branch of RAS. 220 p. [In Russian]
Ilyina T.M. 1987. Chemical content of Picea ajanensis. In: Spruce on the Far East. Vladivostok: Far Eastern Branch of AS USSR. P. 144–153. [In Russian]
Ivlev А.М. 1986. Biogeochemistry. Moscow: Vysshaya Shkola. 126 p. [In Russian]
Kabbata-Pendias A., Pendias Kh. 1989. Microelements in soils and plants. Moscow: Mir. 439 p. [In Russian]
Kudashova F.N. 2001. Change of growth intensity of shoots and needle of Siberian fir in conditions of long-term air pollution. In: Classification and dynamics of Far Eastern forests. P. 157–158. [In Russian]
Kuznetsov V.I., Basargin N.N., Misishcheva L.G. 1968. Improved method of sulphur determination in plant objects on Sheniger. Agrokhimiya 3: 134–137. [In Russian]
Lovett G.M., Lindberg S.E. 1992. Concentration and deposition of particles and vapors in a vertical profile through a forest canopy. Atmospheric Environment 26(8): 1469–1476. DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90132-5
Massel G.I., Shvets M.M., Seredkova S.V. 1989. State of fir forest in Khamar-Daban Mt sob Baikal region. In: Investigations of forest pathology. Irkutsk: Publisher of Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. P. 5–23. [In Russian]
McDowell S.C.L., McDowell N.G., Marshall J.D., Hultine K. 2000. Carbon and nitrogen allocation to male and female reproduction in Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca, Pinaceae). American Journal of Botany 87(4): 539–546. DOI: 10.2307/2656598
Mead D.J. 1984. Diagnosis of nutrient deficiencies in plantations. In: G.D. Bowen, E.K.S. Nambiar (Eds.): Nutrition of plantation forests. London: Academic Press. P. 259–291.
Menyaylo L.N. 2001. Siberian fir at technogenic conditions of Krasnoyarsk's State Nature Reserve «Stolby». In: Classification and dynamics of Far Eastern forests. Vladivostok. P. 160–161. [In Russian]
Minina E.G., Larionova N.A. 1979. Morphogenesis and sex manifestation at conifers. Moscow: Nauka. 215 p. [In Russian]
Mikhailova T.A., Kalugina O.V., Afanasyeva L.V., Nesterenko O.I. 2010. Trends of chemical element content in the needle of Scot pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) under different natural conditions and emission load. Contemporary Problems of Ecology 3(2): 173–179. DOI: 10.1134/S1995425510020062
Mitrofanov D.P. 1977. Chemical contents of forest plants of Siberia. Novosibirsk: Nauka. 202 p. [In Russian]
Nekrasova T.P. 1973. Some results in study of nutrition of generative organs of conifers. In: Sexual reproduction of Conifers: Proceedings of 1st All-Union Symposium (16–20 April 1973). Vol. 1. P. 186–194. [In Russian]
Nukhimovskaya Yu.D. 1971. Ontogenesis of Siberian fir (Abies sibirica Ledeb.) in conditions of Moscow region. Bulletin of Moscow Society of Naturalists 76(2): 105–112. [In Russian]
PND F 16.1:2.3:3.11-98. Technique of measurement of metal content in solid objects (soil, compost, keks, sediments of sewage sludge, samples of plant origin) by spectrometry methods with inductively coupled plasma (41 elements). [In Russian]
Polikarpov N.P., Chebakova N.M., Nazimova D.I. 1986. Climate and mountain forests of Southern Siberia. Novosibirsk: Nauka. 226 p. [In Russian]
Poorter L., Bongers F., Sterck F.J., Wöll H. 2003. Architecture of 53 rain forest tree species differing in adult stature and shade tolerance. Ecology 84(3): 602–608. DOI: 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1289:AOMTST]2.0.CO;2
Radwan M.A., Murray M.D., Kraft J.M. 1989. Growth and foliar nutrient concentrations of Pacific silver fir. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19(11): 1429–1435. DOI: 10.1139/x89-218
Sabinin D.A. 1940. Mineral nutrition of plants. Moscow; Leningrad: Publisher of AS USSR. 307 p. [In Russian]
Sanina N.B., Chuparina E.V., Nesterova A.A. 2004. Chemical composition of vegetation in the Baikal Biosphere Reserve (in connection with a problem of fir forest degradation at the northern side of the Khamar-Daban Mountain Ridge). Contemporary Problems of Ecology 1: 57–65 [In Russian]
Seregin I.V., Kozhevnikova A.D. 2006. Physiological role of nickel and its toxic effects on higher plants. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology. Vol. 53(2). P. 257–277.
Shishov L.L., Tonkonogov V.D., Lebedeva I.I., Gerasimova M.I. 2004. Classification and diagnostics of soils in Russia. Smolensk: Oykumena. 342 p. [In Russian]
Shulakovskaya T.A., Uspenskaya L.N. 1992. Nitrogen content in pine shoots of different sexualisation. Russian Journal of Forest Science 2: 26–31. [In Russian]
Smagin V.N., Ilyinskaya S.A., Nazimova D.I., Novoseltseva I.F., Cherednikova Yu.S. 1980. Forest types of mountains of Southern Siberia. Novosibirsk: Nauka. 336 p. [In Russian]
Stakanov V.D. 1990. Distribution of organics substances in different parts of Pinus sylvestris trees. Russian Journal of Forest Science 4: 25–33. [In Russian]
State report «About status and conservation of environment in Krasnoyarsky Krai in 2014». Krasnoyarsk, 2015. 294 p. [In Russian]
State standard 26929-94. Row material and food products. Preparation of samples. Mineralisation for determination of toxic elements content. Moscow: Publisher «Izdatelstvo standartov». [In Russian]
State standard 30178-96. Row material and food products. Atomic absorption technique of toxic elements determination. Available from http://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200021152 [In Russian]
State standard P 51417-99. Feed, mixed fodder and feed raw materials. Determination of nitrogen mass fraction and mass row protein fraction calculation. Kyeldal's Technique. Moscow: Publisher «Izdatelstvo standartov», 1998. 247 p. [In Russian]
Sudachkova N.E. 1984. The analysis of regulator mechanisms of xylogenez. Russian Journal of Forest Science 6: 3–9. [In Russian]
Sukhareva T.A., Lukina N.V. 2004. Chemical composition and morphometrical characteristics of Siberian spruce on Kola Peninsula at the process of degradation succession of forests. Russian Journal of Forest Science 2: 36–43. [In Russian]
Tretyakova I.N., Bazhina E.V. 1995. Crown morphostructure and state of generative sphere of Siberian fir at disturbed forest ecosystems near Baikal Lake. Biology Bulletin 6: 685–692. [In Russian]
Tretyakova I.N., Zubareva O.N., Bazhina E.V. 1996. Influence of environmental pollution by sulfur oxides on the morphological structure of the crown, generative sphere, and pollen viability of the Siberian fir in the Baikal region. Russian Journal of Ecology 27(1): 14–20. [In Russian]
Tropina E.F. 2017. Soil pollution in the State Nature Reserve «Stolby». In: Chronicle of Nature of the State Nature Reserve «Stolby», 2016. Krasnoyarsk. P. 161–178 [In Russian]
Tulus Kh.Kh., Tamm Yu.A. 1990. Content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium in Scot pine needle. Russian Journal of Forest Science 4: 58–63. [In Russian]
U.S. EPA. 2001. Trace Elements in Water, Solids, and Biosolids by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry. Method 200.7, EPA-821-R-01-010. Revision 5.0.
Vtorova V.N., Kholopova L.B. 2010. Distribution of biophile element in Spruce crown. Russian Journal of Forest Science 3: 71–80. [In Russian]
WRB. 2006. World reference base for soil resources. A framework for international classification, correlation and communication. Rome: Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. 128 p.
|
