Статья

Грасиела Порфирио, 1) Отдел исследований дикой природы, кафедры биологии Университета Авейру (Кампус Сантьяго, 3810-193, Авейру, Португалия); 2) пост-док программа в области экологии и устойчивости сельского хозяйства, Католического университета Дом Боско (Кампу-Гранди, штат Мату-Гросу-ду-Сул, Бразилия); e-mail: grasi_porfirio@hotmail.com
Ваниа К. Фостер, Программа пост-докторантуры по экологии и сохранению, Федеральный университет Мату-Гросу-ду-Сул (университетский городок, Пионейрос, Сеп 79070-900, Кампо Гранде, Бразилия); e-mail: vaniafoster@hotmail.com
Педро Сарменто, Отдел исследований дикой природы, кафедры биологии Университета Авейру (Кампус Сантьяго, 3810-193, Авейру, Португалия); e-mail: sarmentop@gmail.com
Карлос Фонсека, Отдел исследований дикой природы, кафедры биологии Университета Авейру (Кампус Сантьяго, 3810-193, Авейру, Португалия); e-mail: cfonseca@ua.pt

Porfirio G., Foster V.C., Sarmento P., Fonseca C. 2018. Camera traps as a tool for Carnivore conservation in a mosaic of Protected Areas in the Pantanal wetlands, Brazil // Nature Conservation Research. Vol. 3(2). P. 57–67. https://dx.doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2018.035

Хотя бразильский Пантанал известен во всем мире своим биоразнообразием, лишь около 5% которого находится под охраной. Сеть по охране и сохранению горного хребта Амолар является неофициальной инициативой, которая законодательно защищает более 2000 км² биома Пантанала. Для увеличения познания о разнообразии видов и их экологических требований с августа 2011 г. по сентябрь 2013 г. на хребте Амолар-Маунтин были проведены несколько обследований с использованием фотоловушек. Целью этого исследования было: 1) провести инвентаризацию видов хищных млекопитающих, встречающихся в пределах этой сети особо охраняемых природных территорий (ООПТ); 2) описать модели их активности; 3) обсудить угрозы для сохранения этих видов в регионе. Мы использовали метод ядерной оценки плотности распределения плотности для описания моделей активности видов. Мы получили 764 записи (за 12703 фотоловушко-дня) для восьми хищных млекопитающих, в том числе находящихся под угрозой исчезновения видов в Бразилии. Среди них – ягуар (Panthera onca), пума (Puma concolor) и оцелот (Leopardus pardalis) – одни из наиболее часто регистрируемых фотоловушками видов. Из других зарегистрированных видов – это обыкновенная носуха (Nasua nasua), тайра (Eira barbara), енот-ракоед (Procyon cancrivorus) и ягуарунди (Puma yagouaroundi). Мы представили информацию о моделях активности животных. Ягуар и пума проявляли катемеральную активность. Оцелот и енот-ракоед были преимущественно ночными животными. Обыкновенная носуха и ягуарунди проявили круглосуточную активность. Лазающие животные и виды с естественной низкой плотностью, такие как тайра и енот-ракоед, были трудно обнаруживаемыми с использованием фотоловушек. Тем не менее, из-за природных особенностей области исследования метод фотоловушек является одним из наиболее подходящих инструментов для получения данных о хищных млекопитающих и их добыче. Эта информация имеет важное значение в планировании охраны природных объектов горного хребта Амолар.

биология сохранения, инвентаризация видов, метод фотоловушек, модель активности, хищные млекопитающие

Поступила в редакцию: 26.01.2018

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