Статья

Название статьи АНАЛИЗ СОВРЕМЕННОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ ОРНИТОФАУНЫ КОСТОМУКШСКОГО ЗАПОВЕДНИКА И КАЛЕВАЛЬСКОГО НАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ПАРКА (СЕВЕРО-ЗАПАД РОССИИ) С УЧЕТОМ ВЛИЯНИЯ ПРИЛЕГАЮЩИХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ
Авторы

Сергей Александрович Симонов, к.б.н., с.н.с. лаборатории зоологии института биологии Карельского научного центра РАН (ИБ КарНЦ РАН, Россия, Петрозаводск, ул. Пушкинская, д. 11); e-mail: ssaves@gmail.com
Мария Валерьевна Матанцева, к.б.н., с.н.с. лаборатории зоологии института биологии Карельского научного центра РАН (ИБ КарНЦ РАН, Россия, Петрозаводск, ул. Пушкинская, д. 11); e-mail: MariaMatantseva@gmail.com

Библиографическое описание статьи

Simonov S.A., Matantseva M.V. 2020. Analysis of the current status of avifauna in Kostomuksha State Nature Reserve and Kalevala National Park (North-West Russia), taking into account influence from adjacent areas // Nature Conservation Research. Vol. 5(3). P. 51–65. https://dx.doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2020.031

Electronic supplement. Bird species, faunistic and target groups, conservation status, and abundance parameters averaged over the entire area of the surveyed type of landscape in Kostomuksha State Nature Reserve (KNR) and Kalevala National Park (KNP) (Link).

Рубрика Оригинальные статьи
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2020.031
Аннотация

Публикация посвящена оценке современного состояния орнитофауны Костомукшского заповедника (КЗ) и Калевальского национального парка (КНП) – одних из крупнейших ООПТ Карелии, имеющих большое значение в сохранении эталонных таежных экосистем Зеленого пояса Фенноскандии. Представлена характеристика видового состава и параметров численности птиц обследуемых ООПТ на основании данных 2015–2019 гг. и проведено их сравнение с данными, полученными 20–30 лет назад. Специальное внимание уделено влиянию прилегающих территорий на орнитофауну ООПТ, прежде всего, возможному дистанционному воздействию вырубок, в последние годы появляющихся в непосредственной близости от ООПТ, на орнитофауну периферийных зон этих ООПТ. Исследования были проведены методами маршрутных и точечных учетов с дальнейшей обработкой данных в среде R. Результаты сравнения наших данных с данными, полученными 20–30 лет назад, свидетельствуют в пользу гипотез о смещении в соотношении видов северных экосистем в сторону увеличения доли видов южного происхождения. Наблюдаемое смещение в соотношении видов в исследуемых ООПТ согласуются с представлениями о глобальном смещении в соотношении видов, происходящем в результате изменения климата. При этом на настоящий момент не выявлено критического влияния вырубок на прилегающих к КЗ и КНП территориях на орнитофауну этих ООПТ. Предположительно, значительная площадь ООПТ и режим их охраны компенсирует антропогенную нагрузку на экосистемы. Можно заключить, что при сохранении этих ключевых показателей орнитофауна КЗ и КНП будет сохранена, несмотря на возросший антропогенный пресс на смежных участках. При этом нельзя исключать, что при увеличении площади вырубок вокруг ООПТ и соответствующем росте доли видов открытых стаций часть из них не проникнет в трансформированные зоны и внутри этих ООПТ. Следовательно, необходим дальнейший мониторинг орнитофауны этих ООПТ и особенно их периферийных зон ввиду выявленных тенденций концентрации птиц с южными связями и птиц широкораспространенных видов вблизи нарушенных областей. Наиболее опасные последствия продолжения рубок леса вблизи ООПТ заключаются в более интенсивном проникновении на особо охраняемые природные территории и увеличении численности видов, не являющимися типичными представителями таежных экосистем. Таким образом, продолжающиеся рубки леса могут внести свой вклад в смещение в соотношении видов, вызванное изменением климата, тем самым усугубив ситуацию. Смещение в долях представленности птиц северного и южного происхождения является угрозой дисбаланса таежных сообществ, что, в свою очередь, ведет к возрастанию их уязвимости.

Ключевые слова

антропогенное влияние, вырубки, изменение климата, краевые эффекты, особо охраняемая природная территория, охраняемые виды, птицы, редкие виды, тайга

Информация о статье

Поступила: 09.12.2019. Исправлена: 01.06.2020. Принята к опубликованию: 06.06.2020.

Полный текст статьи
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